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superior → head
inferior → tail |
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| other words for superior (3) |
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Definition
| cephalad, cranial, rostral |
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| another word for inferior |
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deep → deep
superficial → close to surface |
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| divides into right and left parts |
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| divides into right and left parts but they are unequal parts |
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| divides into right and left parts but they are equal parts |
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divides into upper and lower parts
(horizontal or cross sectional) |
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| divides into front and back parts |
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| where is the trunk/torso located? |
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Definition
| pelvic girdle to pectoral girdle |
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| What 2 cavities are located in the trunk/torso? |
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| what does the thoracic cavity contain? |
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| what does the abdominal cavity contain? |
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| separates thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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| vertebral column location |
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| bounds posterior of thoracic cavity |
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| how many vertebrae in vertebral column |
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| where is the pedicle located on the vertebrae? |
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| what is the function of the intervertebral foramen? |
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| it is the hole for the spinal cord |
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| what is the function of the intervertebral fibrocartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| spinous and transverse process |
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Definition
| attach to muscles and ligaments |
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Term
| cervical vertebrae location |
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Definition
| first seven vertebrae immediately inferior to the skull |
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| next 12 vertebrae after the cervical vertebrae that connect to the ribs |
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| lower vertebrae after the thoracic vertebrae (L1-5) |
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Term
| sacral and coccygeal vertebrae |
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Definition
both are part of pelvic girdle
sacral→ 1-5
coccygeal → 3-4 (vestigeal tail) |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the thorax, barrel shaped made of 12 pairs of ribs that are attached posterially to 12 vertebrae |
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Definition
free moving joint
example→ vertebral column |
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Definition
| attach to sternum and first 7 ribs and causes angling |
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Term
| what are false and true ribs? what are floating ribs? |
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Definition
false→ ribs 8, 9, and 10 → they share coastal cartilage
true→ ribs 1-7 that have their own coastal cartilage
floating ribs → 11-12, no sternum attachment |
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| lower part of the sternum |
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| what does the pectoral girdle consist of? |
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Definition
| scapula, clavicle, and humerus |
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| covers ribs 1-7 and is triangle shaped |
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| connects the scapula and the sternum, also known as the collarbone |
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Definition
continuous open passageway from exterior to lungs.
nasal and oral cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → alveolar sacs
* respiratory and digestive tracts share a common passageway until the larynx/ esophagus split. |
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Term
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Definition
| located on top of trachea, has a protective mechanism to prevent choking |
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| semi rigid tube made of 16-20 horseshoe shaped rings of hyaline cartilage with membrane connecting each ring. |
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| connects back wall of trachea, making it flexible enough to expand into the esophagus |
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divides in two
example the last ring in the trachea bifurcates forming the bronchi |
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| each bronchus is slightly more than 1/2 the diameter of the trachea |
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| right → larger diameter and shorter in length, supplies the larger of the lungs |
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| bronchi → bronchioles, which divide 20-30 times into terminal bronchioles |
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| there are 300 billion sacs which are covered with capillaries used for the exchange of oxygen and CO2 |
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| What does the thoracic cavity contain? |
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Definition
| lungs, trachea,heart, esophagus, and the the blood vessels to and from the heart |
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Term
| mediastinum and pericardium |
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Definition
mediastinum→ cavity that contains the heart and is the central region of the thorax
pericardium→ sac around the mediastinum and the heart, located slightly to the left. |
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Term
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Definition
| highly elastic, light structures that contain very few muscle fibers, making them passive structures (they don't exert a force on their own other than elasticity). |
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Term
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Definition
| Right lung→ slightly larger, broader, and shorter due to raised arch of diaphragm on right side. Right lung has 3 lobes and left lung only has 2. |
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| capacity of lungs in young adults |
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Definition
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Term
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| Parietal and visceral pleurae form a sac which encases the lungs. The surface tension of the serous fluid links the lungs and thoracic cavity together, which allows the lungs and thorax to operate together as one unit. |
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Definition
| Covers the inner wall of the thorax, covers surface of diaphragm, and surrounds the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds the lungs, each lung has it's own pleural sac |
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Definition
| fluid in between the parietal and visceral pleuri. The fluid provides a friction free surface so the lungs can glide during respiration. |
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Definition
| Pressure in serous fluid that is always negative in respect to atmospheric pressure |
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| protective mechanism for the lungs |
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| Pleurisy occurs when the serous fluid gets reabsorbed into pleural membrane, causing friction during respiration. This may be caused by vitamin deficiency. |
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| pressure under vocal folds that is determined by alveolar pressure |
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Term
| Muscles of inhalation and exhalation general locations |
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Definition
inhalation→ mostly located in thorax, with some on neck and back
exhalation→ mostly located on the abdominal wall with some located on back and thorax |
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Term
| Basic purpose of inhalation muscles |
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Definition
| muscles of inhalation are basically responsible for expanding the thorax and lungs by 3 dimensions: verticle, antero-posterior, and transverse |
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Term
| How does the thorax and lungs expand during inhalation for each of the 3 dimensions generally? |
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Definition
vertical→ diaphragm flattens and pulls in the vertical dimension
antero-posterior→ accessory muscles lift ribs up and outward
transverse→ diaphragm, other accessory muscles, and costal muscles |
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Term
| pectoralis major and minor |
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Definition
pectoralis major→ thick muscle located on the chest. Function→ aids in movement of shoulder joint and is used during taking a deep breath during inhalation
pectoralis minor→ thin muscle under the pectoralis major. Function→ stabilizes the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
small muscle placed between the clavicle and the first rib
function→ deals with the depression of the clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula.
function→ protraction of the scapula—that is, the pulling of the scapula forward and around the rib cage that occurs when someone throws a punch. |
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