Term
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Definition
it makes a difference
helps us understand accidental communication
enhances audiences understanding
impact of audiences attitude change
enhances the speaker image to audience |
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Term
| The effect of delivery on attitude change: good delivery itself doesn't mean the audience will agree with speaker |
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Definition
poor content/poor delivery: no effect on audience
poor content/good delivery: no effect on audience
Good content/poor delivery: no effect on audience
Good content/good delivery: significant effect on audience attitude change |
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Term
| Good delivery: cant be defined only described |
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Definition
1) naturalness: that which isn't mechanical
2) good conversational quality: revealing thoughts at moment of utterance, focus on ideas rather than words, desire to communicate, eye contact, enthusiasm |
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Term
| 4 elements of good delivery |
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Definition
1) eye contact- allows you to get feedback from audience
2)effective use of voice- volume, rate, articulation, pitch, fluency, use of pause
3)effective use of bodily action- avoid extremes, posture, movement, gestures, facials
4)Variety- variety in every aspect: voice , speed, movement, gesture |
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Term
| Primary element necessary in establishing good delivery |
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Definition
| to get the attitude of speaker focused on the audience |
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Term
| 6 points to William James theory of persuasion |
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Definition
1)show significance of proposal to audience
2)shock the audience
3)make use of conflict
4)arouse curiosity
5)make speech easy to follow
6)use variety |
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Term
| 8 tests to determine validity of evidence |
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Definition
1)enough evidence to support claim?
2)is evidence clear?
3)is source reliable?
4)is source of evidence competent?
5)is source unprejudiced?
6)is it statistically sound?
7)does evidence prove claim?
8)is evidence current? |
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Term
| causal reasoning definition |
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Definition
| a certain force capable of producing something else |
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Term
| causal reasoning 4 tests of validity |
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Definition
is cause relevant to effect?
is this the distinguishing causal factor?
is there reasonable profitability that no other desirable effect will occur?
is there a counteracting cause? |
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Term
| reasoning by example definition |
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Definition
| making a series of specific cases and from those making a conclusion |
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Term
| reasoning by example 4 tests of validity |
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Definition
enough examples to prove claim?
typical examples
negative examples are noncritical
do examples cover a critical period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| when the tone or bodily actions says something different than the message |
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Term
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Definition
logical proof
use of evidence and reasoning to convince audienve |
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Term
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Definition
emotional proof
when we get teh audience to identify with what were talking about
proof to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
ethical proof
character of the speaker as perceived by the audience |
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Term
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Definition
| process of observing/discovering all available means of persuasion and choosing one |
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Term
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Definition
| inferring relationships between 2 variables, then arguing that the 2 are so intergrated that the presence of one indicates the presence/absence of the other |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of inferring conclusions from premises |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that generates proof in the mind of the audience |
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Term
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Definition
| comparing in which we compare 2 similar things arguing that that which is true in one case can also be true in the other |
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Term
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Definition
| begins with specific and moves toward general |
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Term
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Definition
| begins with generalization and moves towards specific |
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Term
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Definition
| first full systematic detailed analysis of the process of communication |
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Term
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Definition
systematic arrangement of arguments
1. major- statement of generalization
2. minor- statement of specific instance
3. conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| enthymeme- deals with probability rather than certainty |
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Term
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Definition
competence- area specific authority
integrity
goodwill |
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Term
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Definition
what audience knows of speaker beforehand
what audience learns of speaker during speech
does audience agree with claim |
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Term
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Definition
| we make a choice in everything we say and do |
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Term
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Definition
| perceptions change all the time |
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Term
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Definition
| people are not evaluating your actual character but their perception of your character |
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Term
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Definition
| age, sex, political affiliation, economic background, religious background, special interests, and occupation |
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