Shared Flashcard Set

Details

speech final
from text, wharves
37
Speech-Language Pathology
Undergraduate 1
05/08/2013

Additional Speech-Language Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The communication process
Definition
-Speaking is a cooperative arrangement that leads to a mutually gratifying experience
Term
The communication process:
The audience
Definition
-Only when someone else is present do we have the potential for communication
- you need to be realistic about your ability to communicate and understand that the message is the message received
Term
The communication process:
The message:
Definition
-People often feel the most difficult part will be
1) conquering their fears of facing an audience and
2) learning the skills of delivery
Term
The communication process:
The content
Definition
- preparing the substance
-the best source of material for a speech is the information that is already in your head but that should be substantiated with evidence
Term
The communication process:
The structure
Definition
-Public speaking is a structured form of communication: the progression of thought forms a pattern and the ideas move in a logical sequence
Term
The communication process:
The speaker
Definition
- You must be willing to speak aloud
Term
The communication process:
The speaker- What to gain
Definition
• Chance to clarify our thinking and gain a firmer grasp on what you believe by organizing your ideas in a way that makes them understandable to you and your audience and useful to others
• You may succeed in motivating other people to support a cuase that is important to you
• You demonstrate leadership capabilities and show others that you are bale and willing to take responsibility
Term
The communication process:
The speaker- What to gain
Definition
• You build your self-confidence and raise your self-esteem by learning to defend the position you take on controversial issues
• You enrich your life with new relationships by attracting people who share your interests and points of view
• An appreciation for rational thought
Term
The communication process:
Speaker-audience relationship
Definition
• If you disagree with what a speaker is saying, wait for your turn before your refutation
• Question period that comes after a presentation is a time when the speaker-audience relationship is clearly illustrated: you hope there will be questions, and audience want a chance to voice their thoughts and concerns
Term
Speaker-audience relationship:
Hidden agenda
Definition
• refers to a covert motive that a speaker may have
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Content
Definition
-pick a topic that meets the requirements
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Organization
Definition
-information must be arranged in some sort of logical sequence
-make sure you have a statement of purpose, clearly phrased main contentions, specific information that is relevant, conclusion to reinforce
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Language
Definition
- don’t write the speech out word for word, plan to deliver extemporaneously from your outline
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Voice
Definition
-use enough volume so that you can be heard by everyone and enunciate
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Timing and pacing
Definition
-be sure to start and end the speech on time
-speak fast enough to keep your audience alert and to ensure that you have time to cover material
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Attitude
Definition
- develop a positive attitude before you give the speech, toward the audience, and the subject matter
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Appearance
Definition
-project an air of confidence to the audience
- your posture, gestures, and facial expressions should reinforce the message
Term
Getting started the fundamentals of communication:
Integrity
Definition
-honesty and sincerity are the hallmarks of effective public speaking
Term
The Persuasive Message
The Inherent Qualities of Persuasion: Coercion
Definition
-using force or the threat of force to get them to comply
-people do what they are told as long as the pressure is applied
-not persuasion, the exercise of power
Term
The Persuasive Message
The Inherent Qualities of Persuasion: Manipulation
Definition
-plays on emotional insecurities such as guilt, shame, fear, or a sense of obligation
-very subtle
-generally people who are perceptive enough to recognize human weaknesses
Term
The Persuasive Message
The Inherent Qualities of Persuasion: Bribery
Definition
-offering gifts with a view to gaining a favor
-easiest way to influence people but the person who bribes is employing an underhanded, rather than persuasive method
Term
The Persuasive Message
The Inherent Qualities of Persuasion: Deception
Definition
-distorting the facts or exaggerating the claims when you know that a true statement would not be effective
-does not meet persuasion b/c it denies recipients the ability to make a choice based on accurate information
Term
The Persuasive Message
Modes of Proof: Logos
Definition
-the efforts the speaker makes to prove a case argumentatively by offering facts and reason
- Aristotle: broader meaning than argumentation
Term
The Persuasive Message
Modes of Proof: Pathos
Definition
-appeal to the emotions
Term
The Persuasive Message
Modes of Proof: Ethos
Definition
-Aristotle: there is persuasion through character whenever the speech is spoken in such a way as to make the speaker worthy of credence
- "for we believe fair-minded people to a greater extent and more quickly than we do to others”
Term
Modes of Delivery
Impromptu:
Definition
-asked to speak without preparation; should be given only by a person who has some understanding of the issue under discussion
Term
Modes of Delivery
how to give an impromptu:
Definition
o Pay attention: think in terms of how you would respond if you were asked to comment on something the speaker had just said
o Give a direct response: begin by answering the question as directly as you can; then qualify and develop your answer
o Keep it short: keep your remarks short and to the point, and don’t deviate from the central idea
o Move toward a conclusion: plan your concluding statement as soon as you begin talking, and start phrasing it in your mind before you come to it
Term
Modes of Delivery
The Fully Scripted Speech
Definition
o You can, write the speech out word for word and then read or deliver it
Term
Modes of Delivery
Speaking from a Manuscript Advantages
Definition
o that you can include as much detail as you want and not worry about forgetting something
Term
Modes of Delivery
Memorizing
Definition
o You can make sure the language is precise, the content is detailed and the organizational structure is flawless; if the speech is long you may have a hard time memorizing
o You may lose your composure if you forget a word
o Often sounds memorized
Term
Modes of Delivery
Speaking extemporaneously
Definition
o One that is prepared but not written out word for word; worked from an outline
o Most frequently emphasized in public speaking courses because it provides students with the best learning experience
o You feel prepared
Term
Modes of Delivery
Using Note Cards
Definition
o Type or write legibly, good idea to put quotation marks around direct quotes and to include the source of the quotation
o Write on only one side of the card, if you have to turn it over you may forget if you have covered material on the other side
o Include only necessary words and phrases; if you write the whole speech on the note card
Term
Modes of delivery:
Practice the Delivery
Definition
Term
Speaker-audience relationship:
Heckling
Definition
- a form of censorship and all too frequently it silences the views of those who are less aggressive and suppresses ideas that may need to be heard
Term
Speaker-audience relationship:
Damage control/ spin
Definition
• the practice of answering questions in such a way as to give as little information as possible and to justify the role that the politician played in an incident
- minimize criticism from a scandal or indiscretion of any kind
Term
Modes of delivery:
Speaking from a Manuscript disadvantages
Definition
-diminish audience contact, if speaker dos not read well, speech can sound stilted and it often becomes boring
Term
The Communication process- the content:
Inventio
Definition
-in classical rhetoric the process of developing the content of speech
Supporting users have an ad free experience!