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| the degree of perceived physical or psychological closeness between people |
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| behaviors such as making eye contact, making appropriate gestures, and adjusting physical distance that enhance the quality of the relationship between the speaker and the listeners |
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| term used by Aristotle to refer to appeals to human nature |
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| term used by Aristotle to refer to a speakers credibility |
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| literally, "the word" the term used by Aristotle to refer to logic- the formal system of using rules to reach a conclusion |
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| a coordinated small group of people organized to work together with clearly designed roles and responsibilities, explicit rules, and well-defined goals |
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| reasoning that suggests that because everyone else believes something or is doing something, then it must be valid or correct |
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| an attack on irrelevant personal characteristics of the person who is proposing an idea, rather than on the idea itself |
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| irrelevant facts or information used to distract someone from the issue under discussion |
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| a 3-part way of developing an argument, using a minor or major premise, and a conclusion |
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| the art and science of teaching adults |
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| the art and science of teaching children |
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| latin for "it does not follow" an idea or conclusion that doesnt logically relate to or follow the previous idea or conclusion |
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organization of natural divisions in a central idea according to regency, complexity, primary, or the speakers discretion
primary- most important to least
regency- least to most important
complexity- simple to more complex |
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| chronological organization |
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| organization of time or sequence |
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| organization based on location or position |
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| organization that focuses on a situation and its causes or a situation and its effects |
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| organization focused on a problem and then various solutions or a solution and the problems it would solve |
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| reading a speech from a written text |
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| delivering a speech word for word from memory without using notes |
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| delivering a speech without advance preparation |
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| speaking from a written or memorized speech outline without having the speech's exact wording |
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| establish why your topic, problem, or issue should concern your listeners |
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| identify how your plan will satisfy the need |
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| give your audience a sense of what it would be like if your solution were or were not adopted |
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| tell your audience the specific action they can take to implement your solution |
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| elaboration likelihood model of persuasion |
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| theory that people can be persuaded by logic, evidence, and reasoning, or through a more peripheral route that may depend on the credibility of the speaker, the sheer number of arguments presented, or emotional appeala |
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| theory that categorizes listener responses to a persuasive message as in the latitude of acceptance, the latitude of rejection, or the latitude or non commitment |
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| nonverbal expectancy theory |
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| a communication theory that suggests that if listeners expectations about how communication should be expressed are violated, listeners will feel less favorable toward the communicator of the message |
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| emotional contagion theory |
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| a theory that suggests people tend to "catch" the emotions of others |
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| Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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| theory that in order to persuade someone you need to appeal to their needs. from the bottom up on the triangle: physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, self-actualisation |
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