Term
|
Definition
| refers to words that are open to interpretation and which can be construed in a variety of ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes contrast of opposing ideas by use of parallel or balanced structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The implied emotional meaning of a word-the feeling we associate with a particular symbol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the literal meaning of a word-the definition we might find in a standard dictionary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Changes the normal order of sentence structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A more direct comparison of two dissimilar things by saying that one is the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to arranging words, phrases, or sentences in a similar manner for emphasis and memorability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a direct comparison of two dissimilar things by the use of 'like' or 'as'. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essentially the words we choose and how we put those words together in a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aristotle's third category of persuasive proof. consists of appeals to your listeners' drives, motives, values, and emotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of any materials you use as the beginning points or bases for your arguments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a combination of two factors: evidence and reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Credibility, boils down to competence and trustworthiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the strategic use of signs and symbols designed to modify the beliefs, attitudes, values, or behaviors of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeks an audience's consent in accepting the existence or truth of a particular phenomenon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascribes worth to a phenomenon by labeling it good or bad, desirable or undesirable, beneficial or deterimental |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the thinking process that enables us to draw inferences and conclusions from facts and premises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeks a specific, observable, often immediate behavioral response from audience members |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attempts to change and audience's thinking about an issue or a topic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeks to intensify or reinforce commitment to a value, ideal, or behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we compare two related objects, events, or concepts, assuming that two things that area alike in some respects will also be alike in other respects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when people jump on the bandwagon as it passed by to express support for the candidate. the number on board the wagon indicated the level of support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assuming that the issue under dispute has been proved already |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
try to show the probable cause for some known event or condition or when we try to predict the effect of some event, condition, or proposal.
based on the assumption that we live in an ordered, logical universe where every observable event has a cause or causes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
another form of 'begging the question'
speakers argue in a circle when they restate their assertions in synonymous or slightly different terms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inference drawn from reasoning with the given data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opposite of induction
we reason from a generalization to a conclusion dealing with a specific case |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the compilation of facts, expert opinions, and examples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(sometimes called either/or fallacy)
offers the audience only two possible choices when in fact more options exist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a descriptive device that compares members of different categories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an error in inductive reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(often called generalization)
when we draw a conclusion about an entire group based on observation of specific examples of that group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compares members of the same category and argues that they are definitely similar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the thinking process that enables us to draw inferences and conclusions from facts and premises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| post hoc, ergo prompter hoc, which means "after this, therefore because of this" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a three-step argument consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recommends that the audience support or oppose a particular course of action |
|
|
