Term
| What are the three sources of speech sounds? |
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Definition
1. Nearly periodic complex waves
2. continuous aperiodic waves
3. transient aperiodic waves |
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Term
| Nearly periodic complex waves |
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Definition
produced by vibrating VF, driven by subglottal pressure (lungs)
*steady flow of air is turned into a series of puffs, alternating compression and rarefaction air waves
* VOWELS ARE THIS* |
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Term
| Continuous aperiodic waves |
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Definition
*occurs as the airflow is driven by the subglottal pressure up through the open glottis, becoming turbulent as it flows through a supra glottal constriction
*consonants like /f/ and /s/
*continuous noise |
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Term
| Transient aperiodic waves |
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Definition
transient noise-rapid pressure changes in the supraglottal vocal tract
*includes pop of /p/ and click of /k/
**NOT driven by subglottal pressure, but by the generation of pressures in the mouth |
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Term
| 1st part of the acoustic theory |
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Definition
the features of the vocal tract can be inferred from its acoustic output
*specific artic. postures produce specific sounds |
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Term
| 2nd part of the Acoustic Theory |
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Definition
| the speech production sys. can be broken down into 2 parts: the sound source and the filter, or the resonator. |
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Term
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Definition
| an object or medium set into vibration |
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Term
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Definition
| the characteristic resonances of the vocal tract= those frequencies that are selected for radiating out of the mouth |
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Term
| glottal volume velocity or sound spectrum |
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Definition
| the volume of air flowing through the glottis as a function of time |
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Term
| how many formants are needed to determine a vowel? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many formants are needed for speech perception and production? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many formants are needed for speech perception and production? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the formant freq if you elongate or shorten the vocal tract? |
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Definition
shorten- raise formant freq.
elongate- lower formant freq. |
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Term
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Definition
| process that shapes vocal sound heard by listener |
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Term
| Pharynx is composed of three parts |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of shape is the vocal tract |
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Definition
a bent tube, irregular and complex
*creates a complex waveform |
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Term
| What is the most important articulator? |
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Definition
the tongue
*acts as a valve by approximating to or making contact with other oral structures
*modifies shape of oral cavity
*modifies direction of airstream |
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Term
| Movements of Tongue: Body and Tip and blade |
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Definition
Body:
*horizontal forward-backward
*vertical upward-downward
*convex-concave
*Central groove
Tip and Blade
*Horizontal forward-backward
*vertical upward downward |
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Term
| Intrinsic muscles of the tongue |
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Definition
both attachments in the tongue
*adjusts fine movements of shape and positions
*Superior longitudinal
*Inferior longitudinal
*Transverse
*Vertical |
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Term
| Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue |
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Definition
attaches tongue to outside structure and moves tongue to different positions in oral cavity
*genioglossus
*hyoglossus
*palatoglossus
*Styloglossus |
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Term
The tongue has regions that move semi-independently of each other:
1. tip/apex
2. body
3. base |
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Definition
1. most anterior portion
2. major mass of tongue
-blade=immediately behind tip and under alveolar ridge
-front/anterior= under hard palate at rest
-back/posterior=under soft palate
3. base: posterior portion of tongue that is in the pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| the broad, superior surface of tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue that attaches tongue to mandible |
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Term
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Definition
long, hollow tube consisting of muscle and connective tissue
*can change shape and tension of the walls |
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Term
constriction of the valves affects airflow and creates different types of sounds
2 airflows and 2 sounds |
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Definition
1. turbulent airflows
2. laminar airflows-smooth
3transient sounds
4. continuous sounds |
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Term
| Source Filter theory has 3 elements that account for what we perceive as vowel sounds |
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Definition
1. glottal sound- source
2. vocal tract resonator- resonator
3. sound at the lips- filter |
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