-better student behavior and achievement

-given as praise

-encourages students to want to do well or act appropriately

-exchanged for something the children want

-symbol representing congratulations

-cannot be easily photocopied

-laminated

-signed by teacher

-colored with certain colors or design or style

-meaningful objects, privileges, or activities that individuals receive in exchange for tokens

-food items, toys, extra free time, or outings

"do it yourself" process

helps an individual become more self aware

establish a baseline of symptoms as a way to monitor change

• determine anxious behavior
• write down with great detail what the behavior is so it is concrete
• document all behaviors that trigger anxiety IMMEDIATELY
• daily log of behavior
• pay attention to any subtle shift in anxiety level

-student stays in learning environment, but is denied the opportunity to participate in activities and receive reinforcement from peers or teachers

-aka non-exclusionary time out

-removed from the learning environment and either sent to another area in the room where they face a wall or sent to another teacher's room

-effective for reducing disruptive behavior in elementary classrooms like noncompliance

-focuses on observation

-must be observable behaviors and need to be explicitly stated so there's no room for leeway

-the behavior is either followed or it isn't followed, no middle ground

• child exchanges picture of desired object for tangible object
• adult says name of object as its being given to child

• child given communication book
• adult stands further from child but repeats process

• adult gives child choice between two pictures
• 2 choices are wanted picture and a picture that the child doesn't want
• adut changes it to two pictures that the child desires

• child begins to form sentences using the "I want..." picture
• goal is to be able to use a two picture sequence

• adult begins to ask "what do you want?"
• child answers before adult adds the verbal prompt of "I want..."

• adult asks "what do you see?" and child begins to answer question

• children observe videos of target behaviors and are then told to practice watched behavior
• teach variety of skills
• increase a student with autism's skills in play, improve self-help skills, and overall increase their communication skills

• event or operation that temporarily alters effectiveness of a reinforcer
• influences behavior that leads to that reinforcer

interviews, questionnaires, role-playing

convenient and doesn't require a lot of time