Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Routine, mid-stream or clean catch |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide comfort privacy and safety. Patient prep, follow OSHA standards, reporting results to primary care provider. Labeling, storage, and transportation |
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Term
| What precautions are used for collection |
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Definition
| Sterile technique usually and standard precautions |
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Term
| 2011 national patient safety goal number 2 |
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Definition
| Includes reporting of critical test/diagnostic procedures on a timely procedure |
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Term
| Type 1 diabetes or "Insulin dependent diabetes" |
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Definition
-Beta cells of pancreas no longer produce insulin
-Healthy diet and physical activity important
-Usually diagnosed in children/YA
-Accounts for 10% of diabetes
-Previously called IDDM or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
-ALWAYS requires insulin |
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Term
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Definition
-Beta cells continue to make insulin BUT the body cells are RESISTANT to insulin produced
-Adult onset diabetes
-Can develop at any age
-Overweight/inactive increases chances
-90% of diabetes
-Previously called NIDDM or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
-Treated with oral hypoglycemic, insulin, or a combo of both, physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| developed in late pregnancy, usually goes away, but more likely to develop type II later in life |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures Blood glucose levels. Less painful than venipuncture. Glucometers vary. |
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Term
| What to remember with BG tests |
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Definition
-determine if it is to be fasting, before meals, after meals, ect
-Note if insulin is scheduled, prn or per carbs
-Review med hx of anticoagulants
-Look for hypo/hyperglycemia S/S |
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Term
| When are glucose values higher? |
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Definition
| 1-3 hours after ingesting a meal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hgb A1c pre-diabetic (have a higher chance of getting diabetes) levels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hgb A1c diabetic goal level |
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Definition
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Term
| Neonate/Infants up to age 2 BG site |
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Definition
| Heel. Never middle of heel. Put a warm pack on prior to the stick. |
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Term
| Site for BG for adults/children over age 2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Site for patients with hypovolemia or extremity edema |
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Definition
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Term
| Children considerations for BG test |
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Definition
| Allow children to choose which finger to use, reassure child that procedure is not a punishment |
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Term
| GB monitoring: first drop of blood |
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Definition
| Wipe it off with gauze because it has serous fluid that might effect the results |
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Term
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Definition
| Diagnostic aids. CBC, lipid profile. Can be obtained via skin puncture, venipuncture, arterial puncture. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of blood culture |
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Definition
| Detect bacteria in blood, require 2 specimens from two different sites. May require an anaerobic and aerobic vial for each site. |
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Term
| Do you obtain a culture before or after antibiotics are started? |
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Definition
| Before. BLOOD IS ALWAYS STERILE TECHNIQUE |
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Term
| What does it mean if both cultures come back positive? one positive and one negative? |
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Definition
| Both positive is considered a bacterial infection. One positive is considered a contaminated specimen |
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Term
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Definition
| Routine that can be collected at any time. No specific guidelines. Important to avoid contaminants as much as possible. Instruct patient not to touch cup inside or cup lid |
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Term
| Mid stream or clean catch |
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Definition
| Preferred. 1st cleanse urethral site, voids small urine stream, stops, then catches urine in sterile container. Culture and sensitivity. Can get any time during day or night |
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Term
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Definition
| Specified time frame where we collect ALL urine. Bladder is emptied prior to test. All urine is collected and final urine is collected at the end (usually 24 hours). Usually refrigerated during time. Important to be accurate. |
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Term
| What is a 24 hour urine catch (timed urine) used for? |
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Definition
| Used to determine levels of specific components such as protein/creatinine |
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Term
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Definition
| Use a specimen bag that has adhesive backing that attaches to them |
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Term
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Definition
| Explain in child terms. If possible, have parent assist |
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Term
| Older adult considerations |
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Definition
| May have difficulty controlling urine stream. Physical limitations may interfere with collection |
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Term
| Lab values: Urine pH normal |
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Definition
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Term
| Lab values: Urine specific Gravity normal |
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Definition
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Term
| Lab values: protein, glucose, ketones, blood normal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Stool Collection purposes |
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Definition
1. too much fat in GI. too much bile can indicate liver problems. We do this to check levels.
2. Check for bacterial and viral infections
3. check for ova and parasites (Giardia),
4. bleeding in GI tract. |
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Term
| How many samples for stools are usually required? |
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Definition
| Three. Especially for presence of ova and parasites. |
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Term
| Most common stool analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we prevent stool sample contamination? |
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Definition
| Have patient void before specimen |
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Term
| How do we transfer stool to container? |
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Definition
| 1-2 tongue blades are used |
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Term
| What are the requirements for a formed stool sample? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the requirements for a liquid stool sample? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we transport stool samples? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does stool need to be sterile? |
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Definition
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Term
| Occult Blood Stool collection: Hemoccult test |
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Definition
| Needs 3 separate, consecutive stool samples (may take several days--pt can do this at home as well) |
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Term
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Definition
| Flushable reagent pads, no handling of sample, easy at home. Basically putting the pad in the toilet and watching for a blue or green color change which indicates blood in stool. 2 min for results. |
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Term
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Definition
1. DO not collect during menses (wait 3 days after at least)
2. Do not collect with actively bleeding hemorrhoids
3. If there is blood in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
3 days before testing. Avoid:
1. Vitamin C (more than 250mg) can cause false negative!
2. Red Meat
3. Iron tablets
4. Aspirin, NSAIDS, anticoagulants
5.Radishes, turnips, horseradish, melons, beats. |
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Term
| Guaiac positive (stool sample hemoccult) (blood positive) |
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Definition
| positive has a blue surrounding. Negative does not. |
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Term
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Definition
| Screening only. Do not rule out. Can have false positives and negatives. |
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Term
| False Positives of Hemoccult |
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Definition
| Ulcers, fissures, hemorrhoids, benign polyps, diverticulitis, constipation |
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Term
| False Negatives of hemoccult |
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Definition
| Polyps and cancer bleed intermittently. Misses about 60 percent of polyps and about 40-50 percent of cancer |
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Term
| Nose and throat specimens |
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Definition
Nose: collected thru nasal passages
Throat: collected thru mucosa of oropharynx and tonsillar regions. Used to determine bacterial or viral infections including strep, whooping cough, and some meningitis, flu, RSV, ect |
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Term
| Patient teaching nose/ nasalpharynx collection |
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Definition
Blow nose first before nose collection. May feel like sneezing.
Wire: put in 3-4 inches. Do not press hard. Rotate or held in place for 10 seconds.
Q-Tip thing: gently rub along the septum and nasal floor to collect |
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Term
| Patient teaching throat collection |
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Definition
| Open mouth, tilt head back, may feel like gagging. Use tongue depressor, do not touch any part of tongue or side of mouth. Touch tonsils, do not touch any part of mouth |
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Term
| Sputum collection purpose |
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Definition
| Incubate expectorated material to identify respiratory bacterial pathogens. Sputum is thick! |
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Term
| Do healthy individuals have sputum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sputum collection tells us |
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Definition
| If it is bronchitis, pneumonia, or TB |
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Term
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Definition
Cytology/Culture and sensitivity: used to tell us what antibiotic to use
Acid Fast Bacilli: used to see if pt has TB |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to see if cancer is in the lungs and the specific cell type |
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Term
| Obtaining a sputum specimen |
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Definition
| Expectorated, induced coughing, bronchoscopy, suctioning with trap |
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Term
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Definition
3 consecutive MORNING sputum collections that need to be at the lab within 1-2 hours
*Negative cultures do NOT necessarily mean that the pt does not have TB. |
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Term
| Assessment prior to sputum collection |
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Definition
| Type of collection required, RS status, Assess when pt last ingested food, when they last had surgery, ect |
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Term
| Sputum collection guidelines: How much do you need? |
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Definition
| 1-2 tsp or 5-10cc of sputum |
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Term
| What position should the pt be in for sputum collection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you document for sputum? |
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Definition
| Color, consistency, odor, volume, viscosity, presence of blood |
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