Term
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Definition
| Applies to acquired immunity. Refers to the act of memory (an- amnesia or not forgetting); the increase speed and severity of reaction on repeat exposure |
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Term
| pathology in immune system |
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Definition
| innate : pathology rare. acquired: autoimmune response is more common |
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Term
| purpose of antigen presenting cells |
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Definition
| antigens are usually non soluble. this means that the APCs have to process it in order for it to reach the B cells to create antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| any molecule that reacts with an antibody. |
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Term
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Definition
| an antigen that creates an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Humoral (Antibody Mediated) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antigenic determinant sites. present on antigen. stimulate the production of antibodies and bind to them |
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Term
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Definition
| small molecules that bind to antibodies but are only antigenic when combined with a larger molecule. An example is penicillin. |
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Term
| Natural vs Artificial Acquired Immunity |
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Definition
Active or Passive.
Natural Active: person develops their own immune response/memory through natural exposure
Artificial Active: developing their own immune response due to artificial exposure (vaccine!)
Natural Passive: preformed immunity through colostrum
Artificial Passive: preformed immunity through plasma or immunoglobulin transplant |
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Term
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Definition
| cell surface glycoproteins present on all nucleated cells (not on RBCs). present endogenous antigens to CD8 cytotoxic T cells |
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Term
| Major Histocompatibility Complex |
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Definition
| A chromosome locus that encodes histocompatability antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| glycoproteins on antigen presenting cells. present exogenous antigens to CD4 T cells (T helper) through the T cell receptor |
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Term
| Signals for T Cell Activation |
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Definition
| 1: antigen fragment touches receptor (brought by antigen presenting cells)2: B7 protein presented by APC (by CD28 receptor). Both signals send info into cytoplasm of T cell to produce interleukin 2mRNA. This is a form of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION! in other words it changes gene expression for the T cell so it will do stuff |
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Term
| Reason for 2 signals in T cell activation |
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Definition
| Amplifies response based on severity of infection (B7 protein regulates amounts of interleukin) and also controls response and provides feedback inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| Has BCR combined with co receptors Igalpha and Igbeta on the surface membrane |
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Term
| T helper cells and B cells |
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Definition
| T helper cell is activated by antigen presenting cell. It proliferates and creates cytokines. It then interacts with a B cell that has the same antigen. At this point more cytokines are produced. The T helper cell's cytokines will cause the B cell to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells (to create antibodies) |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of heavy and light chains (based on # of amino acids). has disulfide bonds intramolecular and intermolecular (polypeptides in antigen). binding is reversible (non covalent). Antigen binding sites are on amino terminus. They have variable and constant regions. |
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Term
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Definition
| strength of Ab-Ag interaction - Km value |
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Term
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Definition
| overall ability of Ab to bind Ag at all Ag binding sites |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most abundant human immunoglobulin in body fluids. neutralizes toxins. opsonizes bacteria. activates complement. transplacental antibody. |
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Term
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Definition
| First to appear after antigen stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| secretory, protects external surfaces (mucous) |
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Term
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Definition
| on B cell surface. B cell recognition of antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| Anaphylactic mediating antibody, also resists helminths |
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Term
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Definition
| different subtypes of immunoglobulin. Changes in disulfide bonds change protein folding and structure (also function) |
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Term
| memory and clonal expansion |
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Definition
| One single cell creates antibodies and clones itself including memory cells. This is why immune response is much stronger the second time of exposure. |
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Term
| monoclonal antibody production |
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Definition
| immortalizes antibody producing cells: a myeloma can receive mouse spleen cells DNA and create a hybridoma for cancer treatment |
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Term
| lymphocyte clonal expansion |
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Definition
| a single stem cell creates many distinct clones, each with a unique antigen recognition site. All self recognising cells are destroyed. when an antigen is encountered, the progenitor clone replicates to make many plasma cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the culling of self-recognizing lymphocytes. an autoimmune disorder may occur when these cells are not removed |
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Term
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Definition
| precipitation, neutralization, complement fixation, agglutination, opsonization |
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Term
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Definition
| antibody binds to antigen on larger molecules or cells so phagocytes can find them more easily |
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Term
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Definition
| insoluble antigens are cross linked by the antibody creating an agglutinated mass |
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Term
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Definition
| a cascade is activated by immune complexes. lysing bacterial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| antibody binds to antigens, preventing it from binding host cells. Usually occurs with viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of a macromolecular complex |
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Term
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Definition
| Allergic Response. Antigens are encountered and carried to lymph nodes. Here they are recognized by B cell along with Helper T cell. Plasma cells synthesize IgE which binds mast cell receptors. The mast cell primed with IgE is what is activated on repeat exposure. The allergen attaches and stimulates allergic mediators: serotonin, histamine etc. This results in allergic symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| cytolytic/cytotoxic reaction. IgG or IgM cells are inappropriately directed against cell-surface or tissue-associated antigens. An example is blood transfusion with wrong blood type. |
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Term
| Type III Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| formation of immune complexes. circulating complexes lodge into joints, kidney, skin etc. allergic mediators are released and neutrophils migrate to site of immune complex and release enzymes that destroy tissues. Arthritis is an example of this. |
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Term
| mutliple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type 1 diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| T cell that recognises antigen in class I MHC molecules, destroying the cell on which the antigen is displayed. |
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Term
| The four factors that differentiate aquired from innate immunity |
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Definition
1. discrimination b/w self and non self based on cell surface proteins (both do discriminate though)
2. diversity: antibodies are diverse
3. specificity: immunity is selective but does not confer immunity to other pathogens
4. memory: when re-exposed the body reacts quickly enough to prevent illness |
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