Term
| Functions of the Eyes - main purpose |
|
Definition
| to receive images and transmit them to the brain |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the Eyes - what are they? |
|
Definition
| receptor organs for sight |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes, also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - what are they AND what are they? (6) |
|
Definition
| the structures outside the eyeball, orbit, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, eye muscles and lacrimal apparatus |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - orbit |
|
Definition
| eye socket, the bony cavity in the skull that contains the eyeball and associated adnexa |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eye muscles, how many? |
|
Definition
| six working as three pairs |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eye muscles - how do they work? |
|
Definition
| in coordinated movements that enable normal binocular vision |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyelids, function |
|
Definition
| the upper and lower eyelid protect the eye from impact, foreign matter and two much light |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyelids - canthus |
|
Definition
| the angle where the two lids meet |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyelids - inner canthus |
|
Definition
| where they meet near the nose |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyelids - epicanthus |
|
Definition
| a vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyelids - outer canthus |
|
Definition
| where the eyelids meet furthest from the nose |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyelids - tarsus, also known as? what is it? |
|
Definition
| tarsal plate, the platelike framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides stiffness and shape |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyebrows and eyelashes - major function? |
|
Definition
| prevent foreign matter from reaching the eye |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - eyebrows and eyelashes - what does the edges of the eyelids contain? |
|
Definition
| cilia or eyelashes and oil-producing glands |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - conjunctiva - what is it? |
|
Definition
| transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each lid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal apparatus, also known as? consists of? |
|
Definition
| tear apparatus, consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears, tear sac |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal glands, location? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal glands, secrete what, also known as and function? |
|
Definition
| lacrimal fluid or tear, maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eye, spread by blinking |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal canal, made up of? |
|
Definition
| two ducts at the inner corners of each eye (one per) |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal ducts, function? |
|
Definition
| collect tears and empty them into the lacrimal sacs |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal canal, what is crying? |
|
Definition
| the overflowing of tears from the lacrimal canal |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal sac, also known as and what is it? |
|
Definition
| tear sac, an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimal duct, also known as? drains into? |
|
Definition
| nasolacrimal duct, passageway that drains excess tears into the nose |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Adnexa of the Eyes - lacrimation, what is it? |
|
Definition
| secretion of tears, especially in excess |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Eyeball, also known as? how big, how much shows on the outside? |
|
Definition
| the globe, about one inch sphere and one-sixth shows |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Eyeball - what are the three layers of the wall? |
|
Definition
| sclera, choroid, and retina |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Eyeball - divided into? |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior segments |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Sclera - also known as? what is it? |
|
Definition
| the white of the eye, the fibrous tissue that forms the outer layer of the eye |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Sclera - function? |
|
Definition
| maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layers of tissue |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Cornea - what is it? |
|
Definition
| the transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Cornea - function? |
|
Definition
| it is the primary structure focusing light rays entering the eye |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - also known as? what is it? |
|
Definition
| uvea, vascular layer of the eye |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - what is in front and what is behind that? |
|
Definition
| the iris is in front and the choroid and ciliary body are behind |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - What is the iris? |
|
Definition
| the pigmented muscular layer that surrounds the pupil |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - what determines eye color? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - what is the pupil? |
|
Definition
| the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - what controls the amount of light entering the pupil? |
|
Definition
| muscles contract to make the pupil smaller, less light, or dilate (relax) to allow more light |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - lens, also known as? function? |
|
Definition
| crystalline lens, focuses images on the retina |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - lens, structure? |
|
Definition
| clear and flexible, contained within a clear capsule located behind the iris and pupil |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - The Choroid, also known as, structure and function |
|
Definition
| choroid coat, is the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and supplies the eye with blood |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - The Ciliary Body, location, structure and function |
|
Definition
| within the choroid, set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - The Ciliary Body - how does it focus on nearby objects? |
|
Definition
| the muscles of the ciliary body adjust the lens to make it thicker |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Uveal Tract - The Ciliary Body - how does it focus on distant objects? |
|
Definition
| the muscles of the ciliary body stretch the lens to make it thinner |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - The Retina, what is it? |
|
Definition
| the sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - The Retina - what are rods? cones? |
|
Definition
| specialized light-sensitive cells, rods are black and white receptors while cones are color receptors |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - The Retina - what do the rods and cones do? |
|
Definition
| receive images, convert them into nerve impulses, send them to the brain through the optic nerve |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - The Retina - Macula, also known as? what is it? |
|
Definition
| macula lutea, a clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina, area of sharpest central vision |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - The Retina - Fuvea centralis |
|
Definition
| a pit in the middle of the macula where color vision is best as there are no rods and a high concentration of cones |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - The Retina - optic disk, also known as? what is it? |
|
Definition
| the blind spot, it is where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve, no cones/rods |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - The Retina - second cranial nerve, also known as and what is it? |
|
Definition
| the optic nerve, transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the brain |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Anterior Segment of the Eye - what is the front 1/3 of the eye ball called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Anterior Segment of the Eye - what is it divided into? |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior chambers |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Anterior Segment of the Eye - where is the anterior chamber located? |
|
Definition
| behind the cornea and in front of the iris |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Posterior Segment of the Eye - where is the posterior chamber located? |
|
Definition
| behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Anterior and Posterior Chambers, filled with what? |
|
Definition
| aqueous fluid or aqueous humor |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - what does the aqueous fluid do? |
|
Definition
| helps the eye maintain its shape and nourishes the intraocular structures |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - aqueous fluid, how is it filtered and drained? |
|
Definition
| through the trabecular meshwork and the canal of Schlemm |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - what does the constant drainage of the eye regulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Posterior Segment of the Eye, what is the back 2/3s of the eye known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Posterior Segment of the Eye, what is it filled with? what does it do? |
|
Definition
| vitreous humor or vitreous gel, helps maintain eye shape |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Eyes - Posterior Segment of the Eye, what is it lined with? |
|
Definition
| the retina and its related structures |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Accommodation |
|
Definition
| the process whereby the eyes make adjustments to see clearly (constriction and dilation of the pupil, movement, and lens shape changes) |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Convergence |
|
Definition
| simultaneous movement of the eyes toward each other to focus on something as it comes nearer |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Emmetropia |
|
Definition
| the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Visual Acuity |
|
Definition
| the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Visual Acuity, what is the name of the chart used to measure visual acuity? how are the results recorded? |
|
Definition
| The Snellen chart, as two numbers in fraction form |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Visual Acuity, Snellen chart, what does the first number represent? |
|
Definition
| the distance from the chart, which is also 20 feet |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Visual Acuity, Snellen chart, what does the second number represent? |
|
Definition
| the deviation from the norm based on the ability to read progressively smaller and smaller lines of letters on the chart |
|
|
Term
| Normal Action of the Eye - Visual Acuity, Snellen chart, what 20/40 mean? |
|
Definition
| that person can read at 20 feet what a 'normal' person can read at 40 |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes - ophthalmologist |
|
Definition
| holds an MD degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eyes and vision |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes - optometrist |
|
Definition
| holds a Doctor of Optometry degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Eyelids - blepharoptosis |
|
Definition
| drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Eyelids - ectropion, what is it? |
|
Definition
| the eversion or turning outward of the edge of an eyelid (usually the lower lid) |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Eyelids - ectropion, what is the affect? |
|
Definition
| exposes the inner surface to irritation and prevents tears from draining |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Eyelids - entropion, what is it? |
|
Definition
| the inversion (turning inward) of the edge of the eyelid, usually affects the lower lid |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Eyelids - entropion, what is the result? |
|
Definition
| causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornea |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Eyelids - hordeolum, also known as? |
|
Definition
| a stye, a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a subcutaneous gland |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Eyelids - chalazion, also known as? |
|
Definition
| an internal stye, a localized swelling inside the eyelid due to an obstruction of one of the subcutaneous glands |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Additional Adnexa Pathology - conjunctivitis, also known as? |
|
Definition
| pinkeye, an inflammation of the conjunctiva usually caused by an infection or allergy |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Additional Adnexa Pathology - subconjunctival hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera, common, usually caused by an injury |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Additional Adnexa Pathology - xerophthalmia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| dry eye, drying of the eye surface including the conjunctiva, caused by disease or lack of vitamin A |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - scleritis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the sclera |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - keratitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the cornea |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - corneal abrasion |
|
Definition
| an injury such as a scratch or irritation to the outer layer of the cornea |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - corneal ulcer |
|
Definition
| a pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - corneal ulcer, healing and result |
|
Definition
| usually heal with treatment, can leave scars which can impair vision |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - pterygium |
|
Definition
| noncancerous growth that develops on the cornea and can grow large enough to distort vision |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - iritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Sclera, Cornea and Iris - synechia |
|
Definition
| an adhesion that binds the iris to an adjacent structure such as the lens or cornea, plural synechiae |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - anisocoria, what is it and causes |
|
Definition
| unequal pupil size, congenital, hear injury, aneurysm, or pathology of the CNS |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - cataract, what is it and causes |
|
Definition
| loss of transparency of the lens, congenital, trauma or disease, most commonly due to aging |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - floaters, also known as and what are they and causes |
|
Definition
| vitreous floaters, particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous fluid and cast shadows on the retina, intraocular inflammation, retinal tears, vitreous detachment.. |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - nystagmus, what is it and causes |
|
Definition
| involuntary constant rhythmic movement of the eyeball, congenital or neurological injury or drug use |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - papilledema, also known as and what is it and causes |
|
Definition
| choked disc, swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the optic disk, caused by increased intracranial pressure and may be due to a tumor pressing on the optic nerve |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - detached retina, also known as and what is it and causes |
|
Definition
retinal detachment, the retina is pulled away from its normal position of being attached to the choroid in the back of the eye,
* Trauma
* Advanced diabetes
* An inflammatory disorder, such as sarcoidosis or cytomegalovirus retinitis
* Sagging or shrinkage of the jelly-like vitreous that fills the inside of your eye |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - retinal tear, what is it and causes |
|
Definition
| a hole develops in the retina as it is pulled away from its normal position |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - uveitis, also known as and what is it and causes |
|
Definition
| an inflammation anywhere in the uveal tract, can affect choroid, iris, or ciliary body and has many different causes including diseases elsewhere in the body. fast moving, can result in cataracts, retinal swelling or glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - glaucoma, what is it, cause, result? |
|
Definition
| a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure due to a blockage in the flow of of fluid out of the eye, results in damage to the retinal nerve fibers and optic nerve, leads to cloudy vision or blindness |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - open-angle glaucoma, also known as? |
|
Definition
| chronic glaucoma, most common, caused by the trabecular meshwork becoming blocked, can be detected with regular eye exams |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - closed-angle glaucoma, also known as? |
|
Definition
| acute glaucoma, the opening between the cornea and the iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork. |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - closed-angle glaucoma, symptoms and results |
|
Definition
| a sudden increase in the IOP that produces severe pain, nausea, redness of the eye and blurred vision. If not treated immediately, blindness can occur within two days. |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - macular degeneration, also known as? cause? who does it affect? |
|
Definition
| age-related macular degeneration, gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged resulting in loss of central vision, leading cause of blindness for those over 60 |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - dry type macular degeneration |
|
Definition
| accounts for 90% of cases and is caused by the deterioration of the cells of the macula |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - The Eye - wet type macular degeneration |
|
Definition
| the formation of new blood vessels that produce small hemorrhages damaging the macula |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - diplopia, also known as, what is it and cause(s) |
|
Definition
| double vision, perception of two images of a single object, MS or brain tumor |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - hemianopia |
|
Definition
| blindness in one half of the visual field, sometimes called hemianopsia |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - monochromatism, also known as? cause? |
|
Definition
| color blindness, inability to distinguish certain colors, usually inherited, defects in the cones |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - nyctalopia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| night blindness, difficulty seeing at night |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - presbyopia |
|
Definition
| common changes with age, after 40, near vision declines noticeably |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - Stabismus, also known as? what is it? |
|
Definition
| squint, eyes do not point in same direction |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - Stabismus, esotropia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| cross-eyes, inward deviation of one or both eyes |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Functional Defects - Stabismus, exotropia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| wall-eye, outward deviation of one eye relative to the other |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Refractive Disorders |
|
Definition
| a focusing problem that occurs when the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses on the retina |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Refractive Disorders - ametropia, in general and three examples |
|
Definition
| an error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina: astigmatism, hyperopia, myopia |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Refractive Disorders - astigmatism |
|
Definition
| uneven curvature of the cornea prevents proper focus |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Refractive Disorders - hyperopia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| farsightedness, light rays focus beyond the retina, usually causes difficulty after 40 |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Eyes and Vision - Refractive Disorders - myopia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| nearsightedness, light rays focus in front of the retina, usually occurs around puperty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| best corrected vision is 20/200 or less |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye |
|
|
Term
| Blindness - scotoma, also known as? |
|
Definition
| blind spot, an abnormal area of absent or depressed vision surrounded by normal vision |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - visual acuity measurement |
|
Definition
| measures ability to distinguish object details |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - refraction |
|
Definition
| used to determine the eye's refractive error and the best corrective lenses |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - diopter |
|
Definition
| the unit of measurement of a lens's refractive power |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - tonometry |
|
Definition
| measurement of the intraocular pressure, abnormally high may mean glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - ophthalmoscopy, also known as? |
|
Definition
| funduscopy, visual examination of the fundus of the eye with an ophthalmoscope |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - dilation |
|
Definition
| artificial enlargement of the pupil with mydriatic drops, needed for ophthalmoscopy |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - mydriatic drops |
|
Definition
| produce temporary paralysis, forcing the pupil to remain dilated in the presence of bright light |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy |
|
Definition
| a narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of the eye to examine the structures at the front of the eye (cornea, lens, iris) |
|
|
Term
| Specialized Diagnostic Procedures - fluorescent staining |
|
Definition
| makes corneal abrasions bright green |
|
|
Term
| Specialized Diagnostic Procedures - fluorescein angiography |
|
Definition
| radiographic study of the blood vessels in the eye |
|
|
Term
| Specialized Diagnostic Procedures - visual field testing, also known as? |
|
Definition
| perimetry, used to test peripheral vision |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Orbit and Eyelids - orbitotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical incision into the orbit for biopsy, drainage or foreign matter/tumor removal |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Orbit and Eyelids - tarsorrhaphy |
|
Definition
| partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids; done to protect the eye when the lids are paralyzed and unable to close normally |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Conjunctiva and Eyeball - conjunctivoplasty |
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Conjunctiva and Eyeball - corneal transplant, also known as? |
|
Definition
| a keratoplasty, surgical replacement of a scarred or diseased cornea with clear donor tissue |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Conjunctiva and Eyeball - ocular prosthesis |
|
Definition
| can be fitted over a malformed eye or completely replace and eyeball |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Conjunctiva and Eyeball - iridectomy |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of part of the iris |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Conjunctiva and Eyeball - radial keratotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical procedure to correct myopia, incisions are made partially through the cornea to flatten it |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - The Conjunctiva and Eyeball - vitrectomy |
|
Definition
| removal of the vitreous fluid and replacement with a clear solution, sometimes performed to treat a detached retina or diabetic retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Cataract Surgery - lensectomy |
|
Definition
| general term to describe the surgical removal of a catarac-clouded lens |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Cataract Surgery - phacoemulsification |
|
Definition
| the use of ultrasound vibration to shatter and break up a cataract for easier removal |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Cataract Surgery - pseudophakia |
|
Definition
| the natural lens is replaced with an intraocular lens |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Cataract Surgery - intraocular lens |
|
Definition
| an artificial lens that is surgically implanted to replace the natural one |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Corrective Lenses - what does convex help? |
|
Definition
| farsightedness or hyperopia |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Corrective Lenses - what does concave help? |
|
Definition
| nearsightedness or myopia |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Corrective Lenses - what does the combination of refractive powers produce (types of glasses) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Corrective Lenses - how is strabismus treated? |
|
Definition
| with an eye patch to force the muscles of the other, weaker eye to strengthen |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Contact Lenses - |
|
Definition
| refractive lenses that float on the tear film in front of the eye |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - laser iridotomy |
|
Definition
| used to treat acute or closed-angle glaucoma by creating an opening in the iris to allow drainage |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - laser trabeculoplasty |
|
Definition
| used to treat chronic or open-angle glaucoma by creating an opening in the trabecular meshwork to allow drainage |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - LASIK, acronym for? |
|
Definition
| Laser Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - LASIK |
|
Definition
| a flap is opened in the surface of the cornea and a laser is used to change the shape of the deep corneal layer |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - photo-refractive keratectomy |
|
Definition
| by shaving away some of the top layer of the cornea, refractive errors are corrected |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - retinopexy |
|
Definition
| used to reattached the detached area in a retinal detachment |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - photocoagulation |
|
Definition
| the use of lasers to seal leaking or damaged blood vessels in macular degeneration |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - how are lasers used to treat retinal tears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision - Laser Treatments - after cataract extraction, how are they used (lasers)? |
|
Definition
| by removing clouded tissue that may have formed in the posterior portion of the lens capsule |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the Ears - auditory |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the sense of hearing |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the Ears - acoustic |
|
Definition
| relating to sound or hearing |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - what are the three regions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Outer Ear - pinna, also known as the? |
|
Definition
| auricle, the external portion of the ear which catches sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Outer Ear - external auditory canal |
|
Definition
| transits sound waves from the pinna to the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Outer Ear - cerumen, also known as? purpose? |
|
Definition
| earwax, protective function that traps small insects, dust, debris, and certain bacteria from entering the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Outer Ear - cerumen, what is it and how is if made? |
|
Definition
| sticky yellow-brown substance secreted by the ceruminous glands that line the auditory canal |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Middle Ear - tympanic membrane, also known as the? |
|
Definition
| eardrum, located between the outer and middle ear, seals the inner end of the ear canal |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Middle Ear - tympanic membrane - what happens when sound reaches this structure? |
|
Definition
| it vibrates, transmitting the sound |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Middle Ear - what is it surrounded by? |
|
Definition
| the mastoid bone cells, hallow air spaces located in the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Middle Ear - auditory ossicles, what are they? |
|
Definition
| three small bones which transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear by vibrating |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Middle Ear - auditory ossicles, how are they named? |
|
Definition
Malleus or hammer
Incus or anvil
Stapes or stirrup |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Middle Ear - the eustachian tubes, also known as? what are they and purpose? |
|
Definition
| the auditory tubes, narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity to equalize air pressure |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - also known as the? what is it? |
|
Definition
| labyrinth, contains the sensory receptors for hearing and balance |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - oval window, location, what is it and function? |
|
Definition
| under the base of the stapes, is the membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear, vibrations enter through this passage |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - cochlea, what is it? |
|
Definition
| the spiral passage that leads from the oval window |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - cochlear duct, location, what is it and function? |
|
Definition
| inside the cochlea, is filled with fluid that vibrates when sound waves hit it |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - organ of Corti, location, what is it and function? |
|
Definition
| also within the cochlea, is the receptor site that receives the vibrations and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - auditory nerve fibers |
|
Definition
| transmit vibrations from the organ of Corti to the auditory center of the brain for interpretation (and hearing) |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - semicircular canals, located where and contain what? |
|
Definition
| also within the inner ear, contain endolymph (a liquid) and hairlike cells |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - semicircular canals, what do they do? |
|
Definition
| the bending of the hairlike cells helps keeps one equilibrium |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Inner Ear - acoustic nerves, which cranial nerve is it and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| nerve VIII, transmits information to the brain and the brain sends messages to all parts of the body to ensure equilibrium is maintained |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Normal Action of the Ears - air conduction |
|
Definition
| the process whereby air carrying sound waves enters the ear, travels down the external auditory canal and strikes the tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Normal Action of the Ears - bone conduction |
|
Definition
| occurs as the eardrum vibrates and moves the auditory ossicles, the bones then conduct sound waves through the middle ear to the inner ear |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Ears - Normal Action of the Ears - sensorineural conduction |
|
Definition
| occurs when sound vibrations reach the inner ear via the oval window, from there the structures of the inner ear receive sound waves and relay them to the auditory nerve-to the brain |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Ears - audiologist |
|
Definition
| specializes in measurement of hearing function and rehabilitation of persons with hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - impacted cerumen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - otalgia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| an earache, pain in the ear |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - otitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - otitis externa |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the external auditory canal |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - otomycosis, also known as? |
|
Definition
| swimmer's ear, fungal infection of the external auditory canal |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - otopyorrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - otorrhagia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - barotrauma |
|
Definition
| pressure-related discomfort when the eustachian tubes are blocked |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - eustachitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - mastoiditis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of any part of the mastoid process |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - myringitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - otosclerosis |
|
Definition
| the ankylosis or fusing together of the bones of the middle ear, results in conductive hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - patulous eustachian tube |
|
Definition
| distention of the eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - otitis media |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the inner ear |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - acute otitis media- associated with, who gets it, results in? |
|
Definition
| usually associated with an upper respiratory infection and is more commonly seen in young children - can lead to a ruptured eardrum due to a buildup of pus or fluid in the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - serous otitis media, what is it, what is its cause? |
|
Definition
| a fluid buildup in the middle ear that may follow acute otisis media or may be caused by an obstruction in the eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - acute purulent otitis media |
|
Definition
| buildup of pus in the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - labyrinthitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the labyrinth that can cause vertigo and deafness |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - vertigo, symptoms, what is recurrent vertigo associated with? |
|
Definition
| dizziness, loss of balance, sense of whirling, vomiting - Ménière's syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - Ménière's syndrome |
|
Definition
| rare chronic disease in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, causing attacks of vertigo, hearing loss (usually in one ear) and tinnitus |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - tinnitus |
|
Definition
| ringing, buzzing or roaring sound in one or both ears, usually associated with exposure to loud noise(s) |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Hearing Loss - deafness |
|
Definition
| complete or partial inability to hear - may just be sounds at a certain pitch or complete deafness |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Hearing Loss - presbycusis |
|
Definition
| gradual loss of hearing due to aging |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Hearing Loss - conductive hearing loss, causes |
|
Definition
| caused by prevention of sound waves passing from air to the fluid-filled inner ear, earwax buildup, infection, fluid in the middle ear, punctured eardrum, otosclerosis or scarring |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Hearing Loss - sensorineural hearing loss, also known as and source |
|
Definition
| nerve deafness, develops when auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged - sources may be located in the inner ear, the nerve from the inner ear to the brain, or the brain |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Ears and Hearing - Hearing Loss - noise-induced hearing loss |
|
Definition
| a type of nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to loud noises |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - audiometry |
|
Definition
| the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - audiometer |
|
Definition
| an electronic device which produces acoustic stimuli of a set frequency and intensity |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - how is sound measured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - what does hertz measure? |
|
Definition
| frequency (how high or low the pitch is) |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - what does decibels measure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - what is an audiometry trace? |
|
Definition
| a plot of the patient's ability to perceive both frequency and volume |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - speech audiometry |
|
Definition
| measures the threshold of reception (hearing speech) and discrimination (understanding speech) |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - tympanometry |
|
Definition
| measurement of acoustical energy absorbed or reflected by the middle ear through a probe placed in the ear canal |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - tympanometry, what is it used to test for? |
|
Definition
| middle ear effusion (fluid buildup) or eustachian tube obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - tympanometry, what is the resultant record called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - monaural testing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - binaural testing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Outer Ear - otoplasty |
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the pinna |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - mastoidectomy |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the mastoid cells, used to treat a mastoid infection |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - myringotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical incision of the eardrum for placement of tympanostomy tubes |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - tympanostomy tubes, also known as? |
|
Definition
| pediatric ear tubes, are tiny ventilated tubes that allow drainage, treatment for childhood ear infections |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Middle Ear - stapedectomy |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and insertion of a prosthetic device called a piston to conduct sound vibrations |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - fenestration |
|
Definition
| surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore hearing |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - hearing aid |
|
Definition
| sensorineural hearing loss can sometimes be corrected with a hearing aid |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - labyrinthectomy, why do it and results |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth, to relieve vertigo, complete hearing loss in the affected ear |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - labyrinthotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical incision between two of the fluid chambers of the labyrinth to allow pressure to equalize |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Inner Ear - labyrinthotomy, why is it performed and results? |
|
Definition
| to relieve severe vertigo, half of patients suffer high-tone hearing loss in the affected ear |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing - Cochlear Implant |
|
Definition
| an electronic device is transplanted behind the ear that receives sound signals and transmits them to electrodes implanted in the cochlea. |
|
|
