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Definition
| a mixture of temperature, pressure, and pain receptors of the skin and proprioceptors of muscles and joints |
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Definition
"traditional" four senses:
smell, taste, sight, and hearing |
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Definition
| complex sensory organs (eyes and ears) or localized clusters of receptors (taste buds and olfactory epithelium). |
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| accessory structures of the eye |
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Definition
| extrinsic eye muscles, eyelids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus. |
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Definition
| protet the eye anteriorly, meeting at the medial and lateral canthus of the eye. |
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Definition
| projecting from the border of the eyelid |
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Definition
| modified sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid edges. roduce oily lubrication for the eye |
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Definition
modified sweat glands lying between eyelashes
(cilium = eyelash) |
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Term
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Definition
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering part of the eyeball's outer surface.
Lubricates the eyeball.
Ends at edge of cornea, fusing to corneal epithelium |
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Definition
| inflamation of the conjunctiva resulting in reddened, irritated eyes. |
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Definition
| highly contagious, infectious form caused by bacteria or virus |
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Definition
| consists of lacrimal gland and a number of ducts that drain lacrimal secretion into nasal cavities |
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Term
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Definition
Located above the lateral end of each eye.
Continually release and dillute salt solution
(tears) onto the anterior surface of the eyeball. |
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Term
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Definition
| from lacrimal gland, to lacrimal canals (medially), then into lacrimal sac, and finally into nasolacrimal duct (which empties into nasal cavity) |
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Definition
| mixture of dilute salt solution, antibodies, and lysozyme (enzyme that destroys bacteria) |
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Definition
| six muscles attatced to the outer surface of each eye, producing gross eye movements |
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Definition
| hollow sphere with walls composed of tunics (coats) and interior fluids called humors (to maintain shape) |
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Definition
| main focusing apparatus, divides eye cavity into two chambers. |
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Term
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Definition
outermost tunic; a thick, white layer of connective tissue
("white of the eye") |
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Term
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Definition
transparent "window" within the sclera through which light enters the eye
(can be transplanted without worry of rejection) |
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Definition
| the middle coat of the eyeball: a blood-rich nutritive tunic that contains a dark pigment, preventing light from scattering inside. |
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Definition
| surface where lens and choroid attatch |
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Definition
| modified choroid that controls amount of light passing through the pupil. |
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Definition
| innermost sensory tunic of the eye, extending anteriorly into the ciliary body. |
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Definition
| rods and cones: receptors responding to light |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical signals pass through bipolar cells and then ganglion cells before leaving retina via the optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| "blind spot": where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball. there is an absense of photoreceptors in this area |
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Definition
| photoreceptors at the periphery of the retina. allow us to see in gray tones in dim light, and provide peripheral vision |
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Definition
| area of greatest visual acuity, lateral to each blind spot. |
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Term
| what are the primary colors picked up by cones? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
lack of all three cone types
lack of one cone type = partial color blindness |
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Term
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Definition
| aging lens becomes hard and opaque, causing hazy vision and eventualy blindness. |
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Term
| anterior (acueous) segment |
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Definition
| anterior to lens, containing clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor |
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Term
| posterior (vitreous) segment |
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Definition
| posterior to lens, filled with gel-like substance called vitreous humor |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents the eyeball from collapsing inward by reinforcing it internally |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to blood plasma and continually secreted by area of choroid. helps maintain pressure inside the eye, and provides nutrients to lens and cornea |
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Term
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Definition
| reabsorbs aqueous humor into venous blood |
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Definition
| caused by a block of drainage of aqueous humor, and increased pressure within the eye. eventually causes pain and blindness. |
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Term
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Definition
| in instrument that illuminates the interior of the eye, allowing the retina, optic disk, and internal blood vessels to be examined |
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Definition
| the ability to focus specifically for close objects |
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Definition
| area in brain where fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
| optic tract fibers synapse with neurons in the thalamus, running into the occipital lobe of the brain. |
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Definition
| also called "two-eyed" or "three-dimensional" vision. provides depth perception. |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of the same side of the visual field of both eyes, resulting from damage to the visual cortex on one side. |
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Term
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Definition
| reflexive movement of the eyes medially when we view close objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| pupils constrict, preventing excessively bright light from damaging delicate photoreceptors |
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Term
| acommodation pupillary reflex |
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Definition
| pupils constrict when we view close objects roviding for more acute vision |
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Definition
| receptors the respond to physical forces on the ear |
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Definition
| composed of pinna and external auditory canal |
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Term
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Definition
| also called the auricle; the shell shaped structure surrounding the auditory canal opening |
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Term
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Definition
| a short, narrow chamber carved into the temporal bone of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete waxy yellow substance called earwax (cerumen). line the walls of the external auditory canal |
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Term
| tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
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Definition
| vibrates when hit by soundwaves; separates the outer and middle ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| also called tympanic cavity: small, air-filled cavity within the temporal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| runs obliquely downward to link the middle ear with the throat |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the middle ear, resulting from a soar throat. the eardrum bulges or becomes inflamed while large amounts of fluid or pus accumulate inside the cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| insertion of a tiny tube into the middle ear to equalize pressure and drain fluids |
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Definition
| tiny bones of the ear which transmit vibrations from eardrum to the fluids of the inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
| hammer (malleus), the anvil (incus), and the sterrup (stapes) |
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Definition
| a maze of bony chambers called osseous labyrinth, deep within the temporal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmalike fluid filling the inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of sacs following the shape of the bony labyrinth |
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Term
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Definition
| a thicker fluid found inside the membranous labyrinth |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the hearing receptors (hair cells) found within the basilar membrane of the cochlea |
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Term
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Definition
| lies over "hairs" in inner ear, tweaking or bending them when stimlated |
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Term
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Definition
| recieves impulse after reception by hair cell |
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Definition
| has two parts: 1 monitors static equilibrium and another involved with dynamic equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| uses maculae to figure the position of the head with respect to the pull of gravity when the body is at rest. |
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Definition
| a patch of receptors in the otolithic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny stones made up of calcium salts. found in the otolithic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| transmits information from hairs in the otolithic membrane to the cerebellum, informing of position of head in space |
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Term
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Definition
| found in the semicircular canals, respond to angular/rotatory movements of the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| tuft of hair cells within each membranous semicircular canal (acts as a recptor region) |
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Term
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Definition
gelatinous cap covering each crista ampullaris
(moves in opposite direction of endolymph) |
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Term
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Definition
| sensoneural or conduction |
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Term
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Definition
when something interferes with the conduction of sound vibrations
(otosclerosis, earwax buildup, ruptured eardrum, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
occurs when there is degeneration or damage to the receptor cells in the organ of corti, to the cochlear nerve, to the auditory cortex.
(caused by excessively loud sounds) |
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Term
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Definition
| the receptors for taste and olfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons equipped with olfactory hairs, long cilia protruding from nasal epithelium, bathed in mucus secreted by underlying glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| ofactory disorders mostly resulting from head injuries, or nasal cavity inflamation. |
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Term
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Definition
| (olfactory hallucinations) the mimiced smell brought on by a brain disorder. some epileptics experienc these before going into seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| small, peglike projections on the dorsal tongue surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| filiform, fungiform, and circumvallate |
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Term
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Definition
| found on the sides of circumvallate papillae, and on more numerous fungiform. |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial cells that respond to chemicals dissolved in the saliva, surrounded by supporting cells in the taste bud |
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Term
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Definition
| sweet receptors, sour receptors, bitter receptors and salty receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| farsightedness associated with aging. |
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