Term
| What diseases/issuses can be reduced by aerobic exercise by elderly adults? |
|
Definition
| High BP, type II diabetes, obesity, stroke, osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
| What diseases/issues can be reduced by resistance training by eldery adults? |
|
Definition
| Sarcopenia, osteopenia, insulin insensitivity, unfavorable lipid profiles |
|
|
Term
| What are the guidelines for resistance training on seniors? |
|
Definition
| 2-3 nonconsecutive days/week; use both single and multijoint movements; include major muscle groups |
|
|
Term
| What are the guidelines for aerobic training on seniors? |
|
Definition
| 2-5 days/week, 20-60min sessions, 75%max HR, 30 min walking 5 days/week or 20 minutes jogging 3 days/week |
|
|
Term
| What is the exercise order for elderly adults? |
|
Definition
| begin with aerobic activity warmup, then resistance training, then static stretching |
|
|
Term
| what are some common conditions that elderly adults might have? |
|
Definition
| dry skin, poor balabce, flu, non-flexible, reduced tolerance to heat |
|
|
Term
| what is the general requirement for physical activity duration for the youth? |
|
Definition
| 60 minutes daily of physical activity |
|
|
Term
| is resistance training for children acceptable? explain |
|
Definition
| yes. there has been no evidence in decrease of stature or epiphyseal plate fractures. however, they need guidance and supervision from an adult |
|
|
Term
| what are some safe guidelines for resistance training on kids? |
|
Definition
| 8-12 week programs; 2-3 nonconsec. days/week. 1-3 sets, 6-15 reps, child size machines, free weights, balls etc |
|
|
Term
| what is responsible for strength gains in children? |
|
Definition
| neural adaptations, intrinsinc muscle adaptations, motor skills |
|
|
Term
| what benefits are associated with resistance training in kids? |
|
Definition
| increase in bone mineral density (BMD), enhance cariorespiratory fitness, motor skills, and lower elevated blood lipids |
|
|
Term
| what are benfits of exercise during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| reduce risk of PREECLAMPSIA, recovery from labor, faster return to prepregnancy weight, reduced postpartum belly, more energy reserve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pregnancy-induced hypertension |
|
|
Term
| how should a pregnant breath? |
|
Definition
| exhale on exertion (lifting phase) of every rep |
|
|
Term
| whats a pregnant woman's mechanical response? |
|
Definition
| center of mass changes which affects her balance, body control, and movement |
|
|
Term
| what are the ABSOLUTE contraindications for exercise on pregnant women |
|
Definition
| preeclampsia, rptured membranes, premature labor, persistent bleeding, heart disease, multiple birth pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| what are the RELATIVE contraindications for exercise on pregnant women? |
|
Definition
| poorly controlled type I diabetes, seizures, hypertension, obesity, anemia, smoking, bronchitis |
|
|
Term
| what are the guidelines for pregnant women exercises |
|
Definition
| 15 min of moderate intensity daily, increasing to 30min of 3 days/week; 12-15 erps; avoid isometric contractions. avoid exercise in supine position after 1st trimester; dont fatigue |
|
|
Term
| what is the BMI difference between OVERWEIGHT and OBESE? |
|
Definition
overweight: 25-29.9kg/m
obese: >30 kg/m |
|
|
Term
| what are some differences between OVERWEIGHT and OBESE? |
|
Definition
| obese have more ADIPOSE TISSURE MASS (more fat with less muscle). Obese means not only lacking physical activity but more in FOOD CONSUMPTION. Obese ppl have HIGHER METABOLIC RATE (moving heavy mass requires more energy) |
|
|
Term
| how do you calculate BMI in nonmetric and metric conversion? |
|
Definition
Nonmetric: weight (lbs) / height squared (inches) x 703.
Metric: Weight (kg) / height squared (meters). |
|
|
Term
| how many calories and total fat should be in a LOW-CALORIES STEP I DIET? |
|
Definition
| 500-1,00 kcal reduction from usual intake, and total fat should be 30% or less of total calories |
|
|
Term
| how much cholesterol and protein should be in a LOW-CALORIES STEP I DIET? |
|
Definition
| <300mg cholesterol, and protein should be 15% of total calories |
|
|
Term
| how many carbs and sodium should be in a LOW-CALORIES STEP I DIET? |
|
Definition
| carbs should be 55% of total calories, and 2.4g of sodium |
|
|
Term
| how much calcium and fiber should be in a LOW-CALORIES STEP I DIET? |
|
Definition
| 1,000-1,500mg of calcium, 20-30g of fiber |
|
|
Term
| what is an appropriate INITIAL GOAL for overweight or obese clients? |
|
Definition
| reducing body weight by 10% over 6 months |
|
|
Term
| what is recommended physical activity DURATION for obese clients starting out? |
|
Definition
| at least 30 minutes, most days/week at moderate intensity |
|
|
Term
| what are some concerns of exercise for overweight or obese clients? |
|
Definition
| heat intolerence, movement restriction, weight-bearing stress, low back pain, balance |
|
|
Term
| what is the frequency, intensity, and duration for aerobic training on obese? |
|
Definition
| 30 min most days/week, moderate (40-60% HRR) to vigorous intensity |
|
|
Term
| what are some guidelines and concerns for aerobic training on obese? |
|
Definition
| use low-impact activities. increase duration rather than increase intensity to optimize caloric expenditure |
|
|
Term
| what is the frequency, intensity, and duration for resistance training on the obese? |
|
Definition
| 2-3 days/week on nonconsecutive days, 2-4 sets, 10-15 reps; major muscle groups, gradual load increses |
|
|
Term
| what are some guidelines and concerns for resistance training on obese? |
|
Definition
| begin with body weight axercies; intersperse with aerobic exercise |
|
|
Term
| what are some guidelines and concerns for flexibility trianing on obese |
|
Definition
| 2-3 days/week; >4 reps per muscle group; hold static stretches for 15-60 sec |
|
|
Term
| how does a PT help prevent an EATING DISORDER? |
|
Definition
| educate cliens about the risks of disordered eating, and set appropriate, realistic goals |
|
|
Term
| what is ANOREXIA NERVOSA? |
|
Definition
| extreme weight loss, a refusal to maintain body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, distored body image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recurring episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors |
|
|
Term
| what is the FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD? |
|
Definition
| disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
| what is the programs design for clients recovering from an eating disorder? |
|
Definition
| see a physician to get a medical exam. do not prescribe an intense workout. aerobic, resistance, and flexibility trianing. make schedule to where client does not workout for 2-3 days/week. ensure hydration and rehydration |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for a LUMBAR DISC INJURY? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: lumbar flexion and rotation
exercise contraindications: situps, knee to chest stretch, spinal twist |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for a MUSCLE STRAIN? |
|
Definition
depends on the muscle.
movement contraindications: passive lumbar flexion and active lumbar extension
exercise contraindications: knee to chest stretch |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for SPONDYLOLYSIS? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: lumbar extension
exercise contraindications: squat, shoulder press, push press |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME (shoulder)? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: overhead with internally rotated shoulder or painful motions
exercise contraidications: shoulder press, lateral db raise, upright row, incline bench |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for INSTABILITY (anterior shoulder)? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: anterior-external roations w/ 90 degree abduction; posterior-internal rotaions, horizontal, adduction, flexion
exercise contraindications: bench, pec deck, pushup, behind the neck lat pull down and shoulder press |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for ROTATOR CUFF? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: resisted overhead movements
exercise contraindications: painful exercises and early quick eccentric actions |
|
|
Term
| what are the shoulder exercise modifications to REDUCE ANTERIOR SHOULDER STRESS for shoulder press, bench, pec deck, and lat pulldown? |
|
Definition
| shoulder press: keep barbell in front of head. bench: do not let bar touch chest. pec deck: do not let pads behind posterior body. lat pull down: keep bar in front of head or use reverse grip |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for an ANKLE SPRAIN? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: inversion with weight bearing
exercise contraidications: activities requiring loaded or full weight bearing |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN? |
|
Definition
movement contraidications: closed chain knee movements with >90 degree knee flexion or open chain knee movements 0-30 degree knee flexion
exercise contraidications: squat, lunge, end range of leg extension, stair stepper |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for ACL RECONSTRUCTION? |
|
Definition
movement contraidications: open chain knee movements <45 degree knee flexion
exercise contraidications: end range of leg extension |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for TOTAL KNEE ARTHOPLASTY? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: closed chain knee movemens with >100 degree knee flexion, kneeling
exercise contraidications: squat, lunge |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for HIP ARTHROSCOPY? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: forceful hip flexion, hip abduction and rotation.
exercise contraindications: ballistic or forced stretching |
|
|
Term
| what are the movement and exercise contraindications for OSTEOARTHRITIS? |
|
Definition
movement contraindications: hih-impact activities
exercise contraindications: running, snow skiing, joggin |
|
|
Term
| what is SPINAL CORD INJURY? |
|
Definition
| the impariment or loss of motor function, sensory function, or both in the trunk or limbs due to damage to neural tissues within the spinal canal |
|
|
Term
| what kind of exercises are for clients with SPINAL CORD INJRY (SCI)? |
|
Definition
| exercises that enhance balance around funtional joints, strengthen msucle groups of posterior shoulder and upper back areas, and streth muscles of anterior shoulder and chest |
|
|
Term
| what are the recommended sets, rep, and duration of exercise for clients with SCI? |
|
Definition
| 3 sets of 8-12 reps, 2-3 days/week |
|
|
Term
| what is MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS? |
|
Definition
| an immune-mediated disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible people |
|
|
Term
| what shold a PT do for clients with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS? |
|
Definition
| enrure a cool, comfy environment and hydrate client enough to maintain temperature balance |
|
|
Term
| what are the modes, intensity, duration and frequiency in aerobic training for clients with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS/ |
|
Definition
modes: cyclilng, stepping, water aerobic, walking.
intensity: 60-80% HR, 40-60% HRR. 30 min/session
duration: 2-3 days/week on nonresistance training days |
|
|
Term
| what are the muscle groups, intensity, and rest, sets/reps in resistance training for clients with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS? |
|
Definition
all major muscle groups
8-15 reps with 60-80% of 1RM
on or more sets per muscle group, at least 1 min of rest in between |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more unprovoked, recurring seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic musculoskeletal deficits causing impaired body movement and muscle coordination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systolic reading of 140+ mmHg, a dialostic reading of 90+ mmHg, or both |
|
|
Term
| what are some benefits of exercising for ppl with HYPERTENSION and some contraindications? |
|
Definition
benefits: reduction in resting blood pressure over long-term
contraindications: any type of activity that would increase intrathoracic pressure, by decreasing blood flow to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic Obstructive Pumonary Disease (asthma, emphysema, bronchitis) |
|
|
Term
| what conditions can affect a client with ASTHMA? |
|
Definition
| extreme temperatures, time of day they workout (morning is better) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| INSULINE-DEPENDENT. associated with pancreatic beta cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency |
|
|
Term
| what is TYPE II DIABETES? |
|
Definition
| NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT. insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and an insulin secretory deficit of the pancreatic beta cells (MOST COMMON TYPE OF DIABETES) |
|
|
Term
| what is GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS? |
|
Definition
| when GLUCOSE LEVEL IS ELEVATION and other diabetic symptoms appear during pregnancy in women who have no previously been diagnosed with diabetes |
|
|
Term
| what does exercise do for both types of diabetes? |
|
Definition
| increase INSULIN SENSITIVITY and GLUCOSE utilization, which loswers blood glucose leve. However, HYPOGLYCEMIA occurs when level is 65 mg or lower |
|
|
Term
| what are some contraindications to execise for clients with DIABETES? |
|
Definition
| blood glucose >250 and ketones in urine or blood glucose >300 without ketones. Severe kidney disease; loss of feeling in feet |
|
|
Term
| what is the intensity, frequency, and duration for aerobic exercise for diabetes? |
|
Definition
| 3-7 days/week, 20-60min/day 50-80% HRR. Monitor blood glucose before and after exercise |
|
|
Term
| what is the intensity, frequency, and duration for resistance training for diabetes? |
|
Definition
| 2-3 nonconsecutive days/week. 2-3 sets, 8-12 reps (60-80% 1RM), 8-10 multijoint exercises for major muscle groups |
|
|
Term
| what does aerobic exercise do for clients with HYPERLIPIDEMIA? |
|
Definition
| reduces VLDL levels with a decrease in triglycerides; raises HDLs; lowers BP, reduces insulin resistance, and improves cardiovascular function |
|
|
Term
| what is the frequency, intensity, and duration for aerobic exercise on HYPERLIPIDEMIA? |
|
Definition
| >5 days/week. 30-60min/day, 40-75% HRR |
|
|
Term
| what LIPID LEVELS are considered to be normal (LDL, HDL, Total, Serum triglyceride)? |
|
Definition
LDL: <100
HDL: 40-60
Total cholesterol: <200
serum triglyceride: <150 |
|
|
Term
| what is METABOLIC SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
| obesity, insulin resistance/glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension |
|
|
Term
| what symptoms of METABOLIC SYNDROME will be affected by exercise? in what ways? |
|
Definition
| OBESITY (reduces body fat), INSULINE, GLUCOSE (normalizes blood insulin levels and decreaess blood glucose levels), and it decreases BP and increases HDL levels |
|
|
Term
| what are the goals for clients who have had MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION? |
|
Definition
| increase aerobic capacity, decrease BP, reduce risk of CAD, increase ablity to perform dailty activities, increase muscle strength and endurance |
|
|
Term
| what are the goals for clients following a STROKE? |
|
Definition
| increase daily living activities, increase strength of limbs, increase range of motion, prevent joint contractures |
|
|
Term
| what is the exercise goal and protocol for cleints with PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE? |
|
Definition
goal - to walk greater distances pain free.
exercises should include only walking until it hurts. then stop and do it again. duraiton should be 30-60 min |
|
|
Term
| what is chronic obstructive pumonary disease (COPD)? |
|
Definition
| lung disease that becomes worse and is not completely reversible (airflow limitation) |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for ball dribbling and passing? |
|
Definition
| chest pass, reverse curl, close-grip bench, triceps pushdown |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for ball kicking? |
|
Definition
| split squat, split squat jump, cable hip abduction and adduction, leg raise |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for swimming? |
|
Definition
| lat pulldown, lunge, bent over lateral raise, standing long jump, vertical jump |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for jumping? |
|
Definition
| power clean, jerk, squat, pwer snatch, jump to box, doube-leg tuck jump |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for racket stroke? |
|
Definition
| db fly, wrist curl, wrist supination, wrist pronation |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for rowing? |
|
Definition
| leg press, barbell bent over row, sit up |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for running/sprinting? |
|
Definition
| lunge, step ups, SL straight leg deadlift, power clean, uphill sprint |
|
|
Term
| what SPORT-SPECIFIC exercises are appropriate for throwing/pitching? |
|
Definition
| db pullover, triceps extension, front raise, shoulder rotation |
|
|
