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Stephan Krashen's Language Acquisition Theory
Acquisition & Learning are seperate processes.
-Learning is to know about a language; formal & intentional knowledge
Aquisition is unconcious mind related activity when language is in conversation |
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Natural Order- Natural progression/order of language development in infants/children, second language learners
Level 1- Pre- production(Silent Period)- minimual comprehension, no verbal
Level 2- Early Production, limited comprehension, 1/2 word response
Level 3- Speech Emergence Stage- Increased comprehension, simple sentences,
Level 4- Speech Emergence , Increased comprehension, complx sentences, only complex errors in speech |
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B. Monitor- Learning serves to develop a monitor- error detectin mechanism that scans utterances for accuracy inorder to make corrections.
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| C. Input- Input needs to be comprehensible, instruction that is embedded in a meaningful collabortive / interactive & mutimodal |
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| D. Affective Filter:Optimal input occers when the äffective filter"is low, It is a screen of emotion that can block language aquisition or learning if it keeps the user from being self conscious or embarrassed to take risks during communication |
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Cultural Adaption/Cultural Shock cycle:
1. Honeymoon- sojourner is intriqued by differences percieves & excited about everything
2. Disintegration-Differnces between cultures lead to confusion, isolation and lonliness. Cultural cues are misread & withdraw & depression can occur
3. Re-integration- New cues are re-integrated & individual has increased ability to function but rejects it & expieriences anger & resentment & hostile& rebellious
4. Autonomy: Is able to see the differences between cultures in an objective way, deals with them, feels more self assured , relaxed and confident
5.Independence: Social psychological & cultural differences are accepted and enjoyed. Able to function in old and new culture, achieved bi-culturality
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The Common European framework for Reference of Languages
-Provides basis for the mutual recognition of language qualifications& increasingly used in the reform of natural curricula & by interantional coparision of language certificates
-Compentencies for communication, related knowledge & skills, & situations & domains of communication
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L1 -1st Lang./L2- 2nd Lang.
-difference between learning a 2nd language(immigrants)& learning a foreign language different from native tongue
Apprehension varies:
-previous knowledge of other lang. than the one being taught
-Choice of teaching in lang. to be known or lang. already known, is choice for teacher as for the student:define the place of instruction & learning development
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L1 uses:
-translation as a teaching technique
-student research
- for beginners to recieve grammar & contrast listening, reading
-procedural stage setting
-clarification
-check comprehension
L2 prefered by intermediate to higher level learners
-Negotiation of meaning is the theme that unifies technique into coherence
-Teacher's proficiency in target lang.is in discretion & regulates development; rote is minimal |
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Use of Computers & other Technologies
- Web 2.0 tech helps students become doers not recievers of learning
- all inclusive sites for student to aquire a second lang. at all levels
- Didactic forums to participate in real life conversations w/ native speakers |
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