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La casa de Habsburgo/Austrias
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| Dynasty who ruled Spain in 16th and 17th centuries. During, Carlos V accumulated majority of Spanish empire. Known as age of Spanish decadence. |
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| Felipe V, Louis I, Ferdinand VI, Carlos III, and Carlos IV. Progressed Spain politically, economically, and socially. Best known for exploration of Americas |
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La Revolución de las Comunidades
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| Revolutions of "common" people ,working class and farmers in both Latin America and Spain |
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| Worked under Charles III. Promoted the arts |
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| Son of Felipe I. Considered the first king of Spain (ruled both Castille and Aragon), promoted exploration, opposed Prostestant Reformation, heavy taxation and appointing Flemmish for positions of power lead to La Guerra de las Comunidades |
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| Son of Charles V. Spain became most powerful in Europe under reign, Golden Age. Got Spain into debt with extravegant spending, became dependent on America, Las Armadas and fights with the Ottomans |
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| Ruled during major economic crisis. Corruption caused a "deep divorce between the legal countries and the real countries" |
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| Supported the liberal arts, economic modernization, and the Enlightenment(which meant total authority) |
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| Carlos III's son, undid much of his father's progress, extremely corrupt |
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| essentially gave up the throne to Napoleon but eventually restored his autocracy |
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| Ferdinand VII's son, abducted by Napolean. Became prime minister of Spain, known as the "prince of peace" |
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Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
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| Mexican nun, wrote Baroque poetry about being a woman in colonial Mexico. Gave a voice to women. Her poems contibuted to "the Atlantic exchange" of culture, trade, and politics between America and Europe |
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| Baroque painter, famous for the painting of the 3rd of May, 1808 and portraits of Jovellanos and Godoy |
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| most famous of the Baroque painters |
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Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
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| Neoclassic writer, preached of the Enlightenment, was supported at first by Godoy but then jailed for criticizing his policies |
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| Didn't believe in American imperialism, wrote stories of Independence |
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Baroque painter. New perspectives, political critique, Las Meninas
Painted two two worlds: portraits of rich but also poor and different (enanos, or midgets) |
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| Major figure of Catholic Reformation. Wrote influential literature and poetry |
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| Wrote the Counter Reformation, prominent Spanish mystic |
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| Muralist painter, represented the underpriviliged Mexican citizens fueling Revolution |
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Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
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| president of Argentina, member of intillectuals known as Generation of 1837. Supported education, democracy, and modernization. Viewed US as a model for Argentina |
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| father of the Enlightenment |
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| group of artists, writers, and intillectuals including Francisco Lorca and Salvador Deli. Civil war ended the movement |
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| group of writers, artists, and intillectuals active during Spanish Civil War. Political critiques |
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| important mining city in Bolivia, provided resources for Spain |
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| Felipe II built monastary in reaction to the Reformation |
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| Concieved by Franco to honor victims of Spanish Civil War, only Primo de Rivera and Franco's names are mentioned-- also Franco's tomb |
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| Main port and most populous city in Ecuador, cite of independence from Spain |
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| the battle cry of the Spanish on May 3rd 1808, the Napoleonic invasion |
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| Written in 1845 by Sarmiento analyzing the economic, social, and political development in South America immediately after Argentina's independence(1816). Civilization represents US, Europe, cities, General Paz while barbarians represent Spain, Africa, Fecundo, and Rosas |
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| written by Benito Juarez in 1860 Mexico. The main idea was to separate church and government |
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| Meeting of member of the Catholic Church to articulate Catholic ideas and define the Counter Reformation against the Protestants |
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| ideas of Martin Luther, who criticized the corrupt Catholic Church and promoted individual freedom to worship |
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| Catholic movement against Protestant Reformation |
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| fusion of different thoughts, religions, cultures |
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| social inequality of Indigenous American-European race |
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| large areas of land, run by guachos and owned by Catholic church- caused hostilities toward Church and Spain |
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| distorted form of local governments where one leader has total control of society in rural areas |
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| system of government in which a few people hold power |
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| group who supported Rosas in Argentina |
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| During the late 70s and 80s Jorge Videla's military dictatorship was responsible for repression and state sponsored violence. Many lived in fear during this time. |
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| During the late 70s and early 80s the gov of Argentina committed countless crimes against its people believing they were working against the gov. During the time called the "Guerra Sucia," countless people disappeared "desaparecidos" to gov. torture facilities and were never seen again |
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| cultural movement after the Renaissance characterized by scientific discoveries, more imagintive art |
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| human dignity, human rights, Enlightenment, mysticism |
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| art movement right before Barroque, DaVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael were Mannerist artists |
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| awareness of an ultimate spiritual truth. Enlightenment, Santa Teresa Avila, San Juan de la Cruz, Gongora |
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| cultural movement based on returning to Classic Greek and Roman art and literature. Rejection of Baroque |
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| Intillectual movement characterized by scientific discovery, reason, logic, Jovellanos, Rousseau, government's role to serve people |
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| Felipe II's fleet that was intended to invade the British during the Anglo-Spanish war (1585-1604) |
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| Naval battle between Turks and Spain. Miguel Cervanted injured his hand thus the nickname "manco de Lepanto" |
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| 1643: French beat Spain in Rocroi, France. Marks the end of Spanish hegemony in Europe |
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| German explorer who wrote about Latin America's increasing wealth, benefitting Spain more than the locals. He wrote that the colonies needed fewer taxes, more trade, a middle class, and better gov't which lead to desire for independence |
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| 1795:black and mulatto revolt in Venezuela against the Creoles. Named for the Inca's last leader Tupac Amaru. |
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| Leader of southern South American independence (Argentina, Chile). Opposed military government, wanted strong institutions not strong people |
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| leader of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Bolivia's independence. Eventually named dictator of Peru |
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| was first a cuadillo, then became dictator of Argentina, unified the country through tyranny |
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Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
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| Dictator of Paraguay, kept the country isolated from outside world. Named himself "el supremo" |
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| Chief of the cuadillos in Venezuelan independence. |
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| leader of Mexican war of independence, considered of father of indpendent Mexico |
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| A Habsburg who was prime minister of Mexico from 1863-67. He supported liberal reforms but was defeated by Jaurez when the French abandoned him |
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| Overthrew the French occupation in Mexico, restored and modernized the country. Kept church and state separated through "la reforma", manipulated elections and refused to give up power eventhough considered a great leader. |
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José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz
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| Dictator of Mexico after Juarez. During his regime, Mexico was internally stable, growing economically, and modernizing. Lost power during Mexican revolution due to corruption and oppression of agrarian citizens |
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| French ruler who invaded Spain by replacing his brother Joseph with Carlos IV. Spanish army and civilians rose up, Dos de Mayo uprising (Goya painting). Peninsula war was central to his ultimate defeat |
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| Replaced Carlos IV as king of Spain by brother Napoleon. Ended the Spanish Inquisition. Venezuela declared indpendence while he ruled in Spain. |
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| Leader of the mexican revolution for independence, he was the commander of northern division (Zapata was south). Fought for social justice based on local self rule |
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| revolutionary who served as president of Mexico in 1911-13. Although he brought more freedom and democracy he didn't solve the hacienda problem, Zapata started a fight against him and was betrayed and killed by his own commader, Huerta. |
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| President of Mexico from 1934-40. Built roads, schools, promoted education, land reform, and social security. Nationlazed petroleum production which strengthened the middle class. |
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| "Che" Guevara, major figure in Cuban revolution (Time Magazine called him "Castro's brain). |
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José Antonio Primo de Rivera
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| founder of the fascist Falange party during Spanish revolution |
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| Socialist Chilean president until the US support coup in 1973, intending to stop communism from spreading |
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| led coup against Allende, became a fascist dictator |
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| major figure in Cuban independence |
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| leader of Cuban Revolution, president from 1959-1976. Turned Cuba into socialist nation and made close ties with Soviet Union |
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| dictator of Cuba before revolution |
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| revolutionary in Nicaragua who opposed US intervention. Murdered by next president Somoza with US support |
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| President of Argentina, goals were to close class gap, social justice, and economic independence known as peronismo. |
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| Juan Peron's wife. Gave money and supported the lower class and women's rights. |
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La sucesión presidencial en 1910
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| Madero's doctrine on free elections during Mexican revolution |
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| novel written by Miguel Cervantes about Don Quixote who represents the irony, oppression, and melancholy of Spanish Inquisition. Contains multiple points of view and societal critiques (Baroque) |
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| written by Marti, calls for a "government that must be born from the country" |
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| Spanish living in Latin American colonies |
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| Latin Americans of European and indigenous descent |
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| Latin Americans of African and European descent |
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| Argentian and Chilean cowboys |
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nickname of Venezuelen and Colombian cowboys
Bolivar and Jose Antonio Paez |
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| Battle of Recroi where the French defeated Spain |
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Napoleonic war with Spain
"May 3, 1808" - Goya |
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Latin American independence
Mexican Independence |
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Monroe Doctrine
Latin American independence |
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Spanish-American war
Treaty of Paris (ended war) |
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Mexican Revolution
Presidential Succession by Francisco Madero |
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La Segunda República española
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| declared in 1931 when Primo Rivera was overthrown and the monarchy couldn't keep power after Alfonso VIII left and Zamora took power. |
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| Alfonso VIII left Spain, lost votes to Republicans, Zamora took over and hostility rose between his gov't, liberals , falange, nationalists, socialists, and other factions. Franco, leader of Nationalists, won the war |
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| Franco's opponents who were anticommunist wealthier landowners and conservatives. |
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| 1939-1975: economic autarky, nationalism, Catholicism, anticommunism, limited personal and political freedom, economic progression |
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| 1910: revolt against Diaz led by Pancho Villa in the north and Zapata in the south whose goals were social justice and self rule. A "second rev." was led by middle class, intillectuals, merchants who wanted democracy and progression with a central government. |
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| 1959: US supported coup of dictator Batista. Begining of Fidel Castro's regime |
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| battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence. Hidalgo and Costilla |
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| sistema filosofico roman fue encabezado por el filosofo cordobes seneca |
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| centro geografico donde se encontraron las civilizcizaciones de euopa, africa, y asia |
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| el dios azteca de la guerra es... |
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| kis aztecas fundaron esta ciudad sobre las zonas pantanosas del lago Tecoco...poblada mas antigua de las americas |
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| el conquistador extemeño derroto a los aztecas en 1521, pero pronto se convirtio en victima de la corona |
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| la gente de esta ciudad resistio a los invasores romanos...se rindio en ep 133 ac |
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| En este año, Iberica fue invadida desde el norte de Africa |
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| Autor de la Brevisima relacion de la destruccion de las indias |
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| Es un gran simbolo de la resistencia azteca. El nombre de este heroe de la Noche Triste significa "el aguila que cae" |
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| filosofo arabe que reintrodujo a Aristoteles en europa |
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| Bajo su direccion, se produjo la compilacion legislativa conocida como las siete partidas |
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| La reconquista se inicio en este lugar cuando los cristianos vencieron a los invasores musulmanes por primera vez |
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| esta ciudad es el ejemplo supremo de construida para la defensa militar... |
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| bajo su reino, la unificacion geografica e ideologica de España fue completa |
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| Eventos no ocurrio en 1492 |
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la expulsion de los moriscos
(gramatica de Nebrija, conquista de Granada, descubrimient de America si) |
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| civilizacion mesoamerica muy avanzada en las matematicas y astronomia. Ocupaba el sur de Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, y Belize |
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| Libro sagrado de los mayas |
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| evento importante occure en 1212 |
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| la batalla de las Navas de Tolosa |
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| la batalla entro don Pelayo |
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| la romanizacion interna se caracterizaba por |
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| leyes, filosofia, linguisticas |
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| caracteristicas del estoicismo |
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| autoconocimiento, dominio de las pasiones |
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| traducia para Cortes y Moctezuma del azteca al maya |
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| la civilizacion mas antigua que se establece en mesoamerica, produccion colosales esculturas de cabezas |
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| una de las figuras de la epoca visigoda por su esfuerzo por sumentar el poder de la iglesia catolica |
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| la dinastia arabe establecio Granada como capital de su reino |
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| el rey Recaredo es importante porque... |
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| fue el primer rey visigodo que se convirtio al catolocismo |
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| la organizacion politica visigoda se basaba en ... |
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| que pueblo intridujo en la peninsula la ley escrita |
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| el dios creador de los incas es... |
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| el rey inca que profetizo el dia de la llegada por el mar de los hombres que destruirian el imperio... |
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| el nombre de los judios originarios de España que fueron expulsados por los Catolicos |
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| pueblos no paso por la peninsula... |
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| valores de las culturas preromanas se pueden ver en la figura de Viriato... |
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| todo lo anterior: el culto al jefe, cultura defensiva, individualismo |
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| el edificio se asocia a Abdel Raman y las Omeyas |
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| Quienes desarrollan un sistema de comunicaciones tan solo comparable al de Roma |
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| el sistema de clan de los incas que aseguraba la colectividad de la tierra |
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| los cristianos, judios, y musulmanes en el Coran se establece porque todos son... |
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| grupo de musulmanes vivio en tierra cristiana sin convertirse al catolicismo |
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| esta figura española es el hombre de honor, de palabra, de la nobleza exterior e interior a la vez, este ideal fue capturado por el Greco en su pintura "el caballero de la mano en el pecho" |
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| esta cuidad maya en Chiapas fue descubierta en 1949 y sus murales famosos... |
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| Este tribunal religioso fue fundado por los reyes catolicos para mantener la ortodoxia catolica en sus reinos |
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| el rey Portugues reunio la sabiduria nautica de su tiempo, prefecciono la cartografia ,los instrumentos de navegacion; "el navegante" |
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| uno de los lugares de peregrinaje mas importantes durante la epoca medieval donde se veneraba a un apostol |
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| el termino que se usa para refeirse a la "España musulmana" |
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| este rey fue llamado "el santo" porque defendio los judios. Su tumba tiene inscripciones en cuatro idiomas |
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| obra maestra de la arquitectura arabe en Granada, "la ciudadela roja" |
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