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SPAN 2002 Midterm
Chapters 7-9
139
Language - Spanish
Undergraduate 2
10/07/2010
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Cards

Term
la bandera
 Definition
flag
Term
la ciudadanía
 Definition
citizenship
Term
el/la ciudadano/a
 Definition
citizen
Term
el/la compatriota
 Definition
fellow citizen
Term
la costumbre
 Definition
habit; tradition
Term
la frontera
 Definition
border
Term
mi/tu/(...)gente
 Definition
my/your/(...)people
Term
la lengua materna
 Definition
mother tongue
Term
el nivel
 Definition
level
Term
el nivel económico
 Definition
economic standard
Term
el orgullo
 Definition
pride
Term
la patria
 Definition
homeland
Term
la pobreza
 Definition
poverty
Term
la raíz (las raíces)
 Definition
root(s)
Term
la ríqueza
 Definition
richness; wealth
Term
el símbolo
 Definition
symbol
Term
la sobrepoblación
 Definition
overpopulation
Term
mi/tu/(...)tierra
 Definition
my/your/(...)homeland
Term
la zona residencial
 Definition
residential area
Term
avanzar (c)
 Definition
to advance; to move up
Term
crecer (zc)
 Definition
to grow up
Term
criar(se) (me crío)
 Definition
to raise, to be raised
Term
estar acostumbrado/a a
 Definition
to be accustomed to
Term
orgulloso/a
 Definition
proud
Term
el bilingüismo
 Definition
bilingualism
Term
la desesperanza
 Definition
hopelessness; despair
Term
la desilusión
 Definition
disappointment; disillusionment
Term
la esperanza
 Definition
hope; expectation
Term
la ilusión
 Definition
hope; delusion
Term
el rechazo
 Definition
rejection
Term
la residencia
 Definition
residence
Term
la tarjeta de residente
 Definition
resident (green) card
Term
acostumbrarse a
 Definition
to get used to
Term
echar de menos/extrañar
 Definition
to miss
Term
faltar
 Definition
to miss
Term
rechazar (c)
 Definition
to reject
Term
superar(se)
 Definition
to advance (in life); to excel
Term
tener papeles
 Definition
to have legal papers
Term
bilingüe
 Definition
bilingual
Term
Palabras positivas
 Definition
* todo el mundo
* siempre
* también
* o
Term
Palabras negativas
 Definition
* ningún, ninguno/a(s)
* nada
* nadie
* nunca; jamás
* tampoco
* ni
Term
Palabras indefinidas
 Definition
* algún, alguno/a(s)
* algo
* alguien
* algunas veces
Term
el agujero
 Definition
hole
Term
el bosque
 Definition
forest
Term
la capa de ozono
 Definition
ozone layer
Term
el cielo
 Definition
sky; heaven
Term
el combustible
 Definition
fuel
Term
el consumo
 Definition
consumption
Term
la cosecha
 Definition
harvest; crop
Term
el efecto invernadero
 Definition
greenhouse effect
Term
la madera
 Definition
wood
Term
el pesticida
 Definition
pesticide
Term
el recurso
 Definition
resource
Term
la selva
 Definition
jungle; tropical rain forest
Term
la sequía
 Definition
drought
Term
la tierra
 Definition
soil
Term
cortar
 Definition
to cut
Term
crear
 Definition
to create
Term
desperdiciar
 Definition
to waste
Term
proteger (j)
 Definition
to protect
Term
sembrar (ie)
 Definition
to sow
Term
agrícola
 Definition
agricultural
Term
la acera
 Definition
sidewalk
Term
la basura
 Definition
garbage
Term
el contenedor (de basura, de reciclados)
 Definition
(garbage, recycling) bin
Term
el envase
 Definition
container (bottle, can, etc.)
Term
el humo
 Definition
smoke
Term
el mantenimiento
 Definition
maintenance
Term
el piso
 Definition
floor
Term
la recogida (de basura)
 Definition
garbage pickup
Term
botar
 Definition
to throw away
Term
desechable
 Definition
disposable
Term
el acuerdo/el tratado
 Definition
agreement/treaty
Term
la Bolsa
 Definition
stock exchange
Term
la deuda (externa)
 Definition
(foreign) debt
Term
el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI)
 Definition
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Term
la inversión
 Definition
investment
Term
los inversionistas
 Definition
investors
Term
los países desarrollados / en vías de desarrollo
 Definition
developed countries / developing countries
Term
la sostenibilidad
 Definition
sustainability
Term
invertir (ie, i)
 Definition
to invest
Term
sostener
 Definition
to sustain
Term
sostenible
 Definition
sustainable
Term
El futuro
 Definition
-ar, -ir, & -er
é
ás
á
emos
án
Term
Verbos irregulares en el futuro
 Definition
decir - diré, dirás..
haber - habré, habrás..
hacer - haré, harás..
poder - podré, podrás..
poner - pondré, pondrás..
saber - sabré, sabrás..
salir - saldré, saldrás..
tener - tendré, tendrás..
venir - vendré, vendrás..
Term
Uses of el futuro
 Definition
* An action that is expected to happen
* A future action that includes and act of will or power
* Probability about an action occurring in the present
Term
El futuro perfecto
 Definition
futuro de haber (habré, habrás..) + participio pasado (ado, ido)
Term
Cláusas adverbiales de indicativo
 Definition
* como - given that
* puesto que - since
* ya que - due to the fact that
Term
Cláusas adverbiales de subjuntivo
 Definition
(SACAPESA)
* Sin que - without
* A fin de que - in order to; so that
* Con tal que - provided that
* A menos que - unless
* Para que - in order to; so that
* En caso de que - in case
* Siempre y cuando - as long as, provided that
* Antes de que - before
Term
Time conjunctions
 Definition
* cuando - when
* después de (que) - after
* en cuanto - as soon as
* hasta que - until
* mientras que - while
* tan pronto como - as soon as
Term
Manner conjunctions
 Definition
* aunque - although
* como - as
* de modo que - in a way that
Term
Indicative vs. Subjunctive
 Definition
* pending action --> subjunctive
* habitual action --> indicative
* past action --> indicative
* pending action --> subjunctive
Term
el esfuerzo
 Definition
effort
Term
la hembra
 Definition
female
Term
el varón
 Definition
male
Term
esforzarse
 Definition
to make an effort
Term
ciego/a
 Definition
blind
Term
discapacitado/a (fisicamente o mentalmente)
 Definition
(physically/mentally) handicapped
Term
mudo/a
 Definition
mute
Term
sordo/a
 Definition
deaf
Term
el analfabetismo
 Definition
illiteracy
Term
la asistencia social/pública
 Definition
social work / welfare
Term
los derechos civiles
 Definition
civil rights
Term
la discriminación de género
 Definition
gender/sexual discrimination
Term
la discriminación positiva
 Definition
affirmative action
Term
la iguldad
 Definition
equality
Term
la ley
 Definition
law
Term
la libertad
 Definition
liberty; freedom
Term
la lucha
 Definition
struggle
Term
el modelo
 Definition
model; pattern
Term
el/la modelo
 Definition
(fashion) model
Term
la ONG (organización no gubernamental)
 Definition
NGO (non-governmental organization)
Term
el/la preso/a
 Definition
inmate; prisoner
Term
el principio
 Definition
principle; beginning
Term
la prisión
 Definition
prison; jail
Term
condenar
 Definition
to condemn; to convict
Term
exigir (j)
 Definition
to demand
Term
mejorar
 Definition
to improve
Term
oponerse a
 Definition
to oppose
Term
plantear(se)
 Definition
to consider; to pose (a question)
Term
promover (ue)
 Definition
to promote
Term
analfabeto/a
 Definition
illiterate
Term
marginado/a
 Definition
marginalized; alienated
Term
la cuestión
 Definition
issue
Term
la posición / la postura
 Definition
position; opinion
Term
el tema
 Definition
issue; topic
Term
la voz
 Definition
voice
Term
con respecto a...
 Definition
with respect to...
Term
en cuanto a...
 Definition
regarding...
Term
sobre (el tema de)...
 Definition
about...
Term
Presente perfecto de subjuntivo
 Definition
presente de subjuntivo de haber (haya, hayas..) + participio pasado (ado, ido)
Term
Los pronombres relativos
 Definition
* que
* quien(es)
* el/la/los/las cual(es)
* el/la/los/las que
* cuyo/a(s)
* donde
* lo que
* lo cual
Term
Rules of que
 Definition
* used to refer to things and people
Term
Rules of quien(es)
 Definition
* refers exclusively to people
* required after a preposition
Term
Rules of el/la/los/las cual(es)
 Definition
* they must agree in gender and number with the antecedent
* more formal option for que and quien(es)
Term
Rules of el/la/los/las que
 Definition
* they must agree in gender and number with the antecedent
* they're interchangeable with el/la/los/las cual(es), que, and quien after a preposition
Term
Rules of lo que/lo cual
 Definition
* lo que is the only phrase you can start a sentence with
* they express ideas or actions
* lo cual requires an antecedent
Term
Rules of cuyo/a(s)
 Definition
* it is used as an adjective
* it must agree with the noun it modifies, while it relates to the owner
Term
Rules of donde
 Definition
* expresses the idea "in (the place) which" or simply "where"
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