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South Dakota All-State Band Terms
Terms from the SD All-State Band Terminology sheet, for auditions
151
Other
12th Grade
01/26/2011
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Term
Accelerando (accel.)
 Definition
gradually growing faster
Term
accidental
 Definition
Chromatic alteration of a note from the key signature until the next bar line (can be extended by a tie)
Term
ad libitum (ad lib)
 Definition
at pleasure, at will
Term
a piacere
 Definition
at pleasure, at will
Term
a due (a 2)
 Definition
for two parts
Term
affetuoso
 Definition
tenderly, with feeling
Term
alla breve
 Definition
2/2 time, cut time
Term
allargando
 Definition
getting slower and louder
Term
amoroso
 Definition
with love, with warm feeling
Term
animato
 Definition
lively, animated, spirited
Term
con anima
 Definition
lively, animated, spirited
Term
appasionato
 Definition
passionate, fervent
Term
passione
 Definition
passionate, fervent
Term
assai
 Definition
much, very
Term
a tempo
 Definition
return to the original tempo
Term
attacca
 Definition
continue without a pause
Term
bravura
 Definition
great technical skill, virtuosity
Term
brillante
 Definition
sparking, spirited
Term
cadenza
 Definition
a brilliant (often highly techinical) solo, often at the end of a movement or piece.
Term
cadence
 Definition
the close of a melodic or harmonic phrase
Term
calmando
 Definition
quieting down, subsiding
Term
calmato
 Definition
quieting down, subsiding
Term
cantando
 Definition
in a singing style, lyrical
Term
cantabile
 Definition
in a singing style, lyrical
Term
capriccioso
 Definition
fancifully, freely
Term
coda
 Definition
a concluding passage added to the end of the form proper
Term
con
 Definition
with
Term
con brio
 Definition
with vigor, vigorously
Term
con forza
 Definition
with force, with strength
Term
con fuoco
 Definition
with fire, passionately
Term
con sordino
 Definition
with mute
Term
con spirito
 Definition
with spirit
Term
spiritoso
 Definition
with spirit
Term
crescendo
 Definition
becoming louder
Term
da capo (D.C.)
 Definition
from the beginning
Term
dal segno (D.S.)
 Definition
from the sign
Term
decrescendo (decresc.)
 Definition
becoming softer
Term
diatonic
 Definition
notes with in a given scale or key
Term
diminuendo (dim.)
 Definition
becoming softer
Term
divisi
 Definition
divided parts where there is normally one
Term
dolce
 Definition
sweet, gentle
Term
doppio movimento
 Definition
twice as fast
Term
double flat
 Definition
lower by one full step
Term
double sharp
 Definition
raise by one full step
Term
dynamics
 Definition
level of loudness
Term
pianississimo ppp
 Definition
very, very soft
Term
pianissimo pp
 Definition
very soft
Term
piano p
 Definition
soft
Term
mezzo piano mp
 Definition
medium soft
Term
mezzo forte mf
 Definition
medium loud
Term
forte f
 Definition
loud
Term
fortissimo ff
 Definition
very loud
Term
fortississimo fff
 Definition
very, very loud
Term
e, ed, or et
 Definition
and
Term
espressivo
 Definition
with feeling, with expression
Term
etude
 Definition
a study or exercise focusing on a particular technical or musical problem
Term
fermata
 Definition
a pause or hold
Term
finale
 Definition
last movement of a multi-movement work
Term
fine
 Definition
the end
Term
forzando
 Definition
a strong accent
Term
giocoso
 Definition
humourous, playful
Term
interval
 Definition
pitch difference between two notes
Term
grazioso
 Definition
graceful
Term
glissando
 Definition
a glide from one note to the next
Term
giusto
 Definition
exact, apporpriate or usual tempo
Term
key signature
 Definition
sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a selection indicating its key
Term
largamente
 Definition
broadly
Term
legato
 Definition
smooth, even, without breaks between notes
Term
l'istesso tempo
 Definition
at teh same tempo
Term
loco
 Definition
return to normal position
Term
maestoso
 Definition
majestic, with dignity
Term
marcato
 Definition
accented, stressed
Term
marcia
 Definition
march
Term
meno
 Definition
less
Term
molto
 Definition
much, very
Term
morendo
 Definition
fading away
Term
mosso
 Definition
moved, motion
Term
moto
 Definition
moved, motion
Term
non
 Definition
no, do not
Term
nuance
 Definition
subtle shading in style
Term
ossia
 Definition
an alternate version
Term
pesante
 Definition
weighty, pondorous
Term
piu
 Definition
more
Term
pochissimo
 Definition
as little as possible
Term
poco a poco
 Definition
little by little
Term
pomposo
 Definition
stately, pompous
Term
quasi
 Definition
almost, as if
Term
rallentando (rall)
 Definition
becoming slower
Term
ritardando (ritard. or rit.)
 Definition
becoming slower
Term
ritenuto (riten.)
 Definition
immediately slower
Term
rinforzando rfz.
 Definition
a sudden accent
Term
rubato
 Definition
free use of accelerando and ritardando within a measure with out altering teh duration of teh measure as a whole
Term
sans
 Definition
without
Term
senza
 Definition
without
Term
scherzando
 Definition
playfully
Term
segue
 Definition
continuing without a pause
Term
sempre
 Definition
always, throughout
Term
sforzando (sfz.)
 Definition
a sudden accent
Term
simile
 Definition
in the same manner
Term
soli
 Definition
a section solo, a group of soloists
Term
solo
 Definition
a part for one performer
Term
sonore
 Definition
resounding, loud
Term
sordino
 Definition
mute
Term
sostenuto (sost.)
 Definition
sustained
Term
staccato
 Definition
detatched
Term
stringendo (string.)
 Definition
growing faster
Term
subito (sub.)
 Definition
suddenly, at once
Term
tacet
 Definition
be silent
Term
tempo
 Definition
rate of speed
Term
grave
 Definition
solemn and very, very slow
Term
largo
 Definition
very slow
Term
adagio
 Definition
slow
Term
lento
 Definition
slow
Term
larghetto
 Definition
slow
Term
andante
 Definition
moderately slow
Term
andantino
 Definition
slightly faster than andante
Term
moderato
 Definition
moderate, neither fast nor slow
Term
allegretto
 Definition
moderately fast
Term
allegro
 Definition
fast and lively
Term
vivo
 Definition
very fast and intense
Term
vivace
 Definition
very fast and intense
Term
presto
 Definition
the fastest conventional tempo
Term
prestissimo
 Definition
as fast as possible
Term
tenuto (ten.)
 Definition
held, sustained for full value
Term
timbre
 Definition
tone color
Term
tranquillo
 Definition
quiet, peaceful
Term
trill (tr.)
 Definition
a rapid alteration between a note and the diatonic second above it
Term
troppo
 Definition
too much
Term
tutti
 Definition
all, with all performers
Term
un, una, uno
 Definition
one
Term
unison
 Definition
together on the same part or in octaves
Term
major scales
 Definition
diatonic scales with half-steps between the 3-4 and 7-8 steps
Term
natural minor scale
 Definition
diatonic scales with half steps between 2-3 and 5-6
Term
harmonic minor scales
 Definition
natural minor scales with the 7th scale degree raised a half step adding a half step between 7-8 and a 1.5 interval between 6-7
Term
melodic minor scales
 Definition
natural scales where the 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised a half step when ascending to create half steps between 2-3 and 7-8. These notes are lowered to their natural state in the descending form, making it identical to the natural minor
Term
chromatic scales
 Definition
scales which proceed by half steps from the first to the last note
Term
no sharps or flats
 Definition
C major, a minor
Term
1 flat
 Definition
F major, d minor
Term
2 flats
 Definition
Bb major, g minor
Term
3 flats
 Definition
Eb major, c minor
Term
4 flats
 Definition
Ab major, f minor
Term
5 flats
 Definition
Db major, Bb minor
Term
6 flats
 Definition
Gb major, Eb minor
Term
7 flats
 Definition
Cb major, Ab minor
Term
1 sharp
 Definition
G major, e minor
Term
2 sharps
 Definition
D major, b minor
Term
3 sharps
 Definition
A major, f# minor
Term
4 sharps
 Definition
E major, c# minor
Term
5 sharps
 Definition
B major, g# minor
Term
6 sharps
 Definition
F# major, d# minor
Term
7 sharps
 Definition
C# major, a# minor
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