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| something or someone is recognized as right and proper |
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historical myths and legends aw well ad the continuity between past and present.
ex/ Long standing monarchy |
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based on the power of ideas or beliefs, can persuade their ideas across
ex/Muhammad |
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| rational-legal legitimacy |
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built on rules and procedures and the officers that create and enforce those rules
ex/ Obama |
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powers such as taxation, law making, and security are devolved to regional bodies and to local legislatures that control specific territories within the country
Helps represent local interests as well as check the growth of central power |
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power is divided unevenly between regional bodies
ex/ more power over taxation than others |
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| political power is concentrated at the national level, and local authority is limited |
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a way to increase state legitimacy by power political power closer to people
OR
resolve problems like ethnic or religious differences by given greater local powers to regions where they are predominant |
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| can defend their territory, internally and externally (manage and enforce rules/rights) |
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| can do one or none: defending internally or externally |
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| when weak states are not well institutionalized and lack authority and legitimacy, they break down |
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| ability of the state to wield power in order to carry out the basic tasks of providing security and reconciling freedom and equality |
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| the ability of the state to wield its power independently of the public or internaional actors |
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concentrates power in the hands of a leader or a small elite that is not constitutionally responsible to the body of the people
no distinguishable ideology, social pluralism is OK, political pluralism - demobilize or keep people out of politics |
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a political regime is controlled by a small group of individuals who exercise power over the state without being constitutionally responsible to the public
*not much public role
*individual freedom restricted |
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form of nondemocratic rule with a highly centralized state whose regime has a well-defined ideology and seeks to transform and fuse the institutions of state, society and the economy
distinct ideology - loyalty to it enforced, no social pluralism, political pluralism - mobilized people only in a relation to states ideology |
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| the view that elites and established institutions do not fully represent the will of the people and that a new movement, free from ideology & often led by a charismatic leaders, can ushed in a new order |
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| Non-democratic means of control |
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Definition
1. co-optation
2. clientalism
3. corporatism
4. kleptocracy
5. personality cult |
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| members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state and government, often through corporatism or clientelism |
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the state co-opts members of the public by providing specific benefits to a person in return for public support
it does not require a set of sanctioned and licensed organizations but allows those in power to target and respond to individuals and groups as they see fit |
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| non democratic regimes attempted to solidify their control over the public by creating or sanctioning a limited number of organizations to represent the interest of the public and retracting those not set up or approved by the state |
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| rule by theft, where those in power seek only to drain the state of assets and resources. |
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| personality cult (how different/similar to charismatic legitimacy?) |
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| attempts to generate a charismatic form of authority for the political leader from the top down by convincing the public of the leaders admirable qualities. |
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| similar to clientelism -however, the benefits are limited to a small group of regime supporters inside the state itself (corruption) |
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| bureaucratic authoritarianism |
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| a regime in which the state bureaucracy and the military share a belief that a technocratic leadership, focused on ration, objective, and technical expertise, can solve the problems of a country |
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| Personal and Monarchical rule |
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Definition
rule by a single leader, with no clear regime or rules constraining that leadership
*uses patrimonialism |
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rule by one or more military officials, often brought to power through a coup d'etat
*control through armed forces |
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rule by one political party, with other groups banned or excluded from power
*large party membership |
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| "rule by god" holy tests serve as foundation for regime and politics |
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| rule by an elected leadership, through procedures of questionable democratic legitimacy |
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is a set of institutions that bind people together through a common culture
*language, religion, geographic location, customs |
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a sense of belonging to a nations (a group that desires self-government through an independent state) and a belief in its political system
*political |
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| a pride in one's people and the belief that they have their own sovereign political destiny that is separate from those of others |
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pride in one's state. When people have pride in their political system and seek to defend and promote it.
*flag |
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| an individuals relation to the state, the individual swears allegiance to the state, and the state in turn provides certain benefits or rights. |
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| Compare Nigeria & South Africa |
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Definition
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| Is South Africa a model post-colonial democracy? |
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Definition
NO!
corruption, white domination (land, media), class barriers, social inequality, low growth rate, Marikana Miners Strike (most lethal since apartheid), education, 25% unemployment, government silences people, bloody competition |
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| How is Ethnic Identity political in South Africa? |
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Definition
ANC - large poor black
NP National Party - created Apartheid
DA - South Africa's opposition party, white & black |
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| What is the difference between patriotism, nationalism and national identity? Give examples |
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Definition
National Identity - colonies revolt against colonial power
Nationalism - love of a countries values --> political systems
Patriotism - flag, wars --> defending our country |
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| What is a states obligation? |
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Definition
| Sovereignty: external & internal defense, social welfare (education, poverty, healthcare), basic human rights |
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South Africa's major anti-apartheid liberation movement, and the governing party since the return of democracy in 1994
(uplifting quality of life)
largely black |
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| the policy of segregation put in place by the Afrikaner-dominated racist authoritarian regime in South Africa that was in power from 1948 to 1994 |
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| BEE Black Economic Empowerment |
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| South Africa's affirmative action program that aims to create a new class of black owners and management through a series of quotas and targets |
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| an organization of emerging countries in the developing world that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa |
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| Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) |
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Definition
| South Africa's most important trade union confederation, closing linked to the governing ANC |
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