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| The three basic categories for Sound |
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Definition
| Speech, Music, Sound Effects |
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| Technical errors, recording problems, grain. Anything unwanted by the sound technician. |
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Term
Silent Film Era.
-How long did it last?
-Was the silent era devoid of Sound?
-Music? Sound Effects? Speech?
-What is the biggest difference between the Silent and Sound Eras? |
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Definition
-Silent era lasted for 33 years.
-No, Silent films almost always had sound, it was just played by outside sources.
- Music would be played by a full symphony in big moviehouses, and composers would be comissioned to write a score for the film. In small moviehouses the distributor would either send a recording of the symphony or sheet music. However, the owners for the moviehouses didn't need to use the compositions.
-Sound effects would be created either through use of theatrical machines (lightning machines, etc.) or through offstage folley artists.
- Speech could be done either by narration (in Asia) or sometimes through people in back of the screen dubbing.
- The biggest difference between sound and silent films is that the fimmaker DID NOT HAVE CONTROL OVER THE SOUND in silent. |
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| Jappanese narrator for movies, acted much like a movie star (people would go see a movie being narrated by their favorite Benshi). |
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Wrote first American film book. Pudovkin was first. Lensy was a well-known American poet.
Lensy told us that sound in silent films was not very good. |
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Also known as "Sound on Film" or "Optical Sound".
Transfers sound to electronic energy then to light energy via the "Exciter" Bulb in the projector. |
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Definition
| Sound is on a separate record that was started at the same time as the film. Did not work well, Sync problems. |
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| "In time", slangfully reffered to as "Sync", Sound and image lowing together well. |
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| A tube created for radio that was used for the amplification of sound. |
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Term
Microphones in Early Sound films.
-Range?
-Placement?
-Sound distribution (Some sounds wuieter than others based on importance?) |
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Definition
Microphones in Early sound films were not very good.
-The ranger was limited.
-The microphone was placed on set, often times behind a flower vase. In order to not pick up the camera sound on the mic, they would put the camera into a box.
- All sounds were picked up equally. Singin' in the Rain. |
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Definition
| Mic on an extendo arm that captures sound, allowed for movement in mise-en-scene. Also picks up sound better...I think. |
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| The Shotgun mic. Directional but long-ranging. The Boom is one of these. |
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Definition
| What was used in early sound. Picks up all sounds in a circular pattern around it, but not ver long range. |
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Definition
| A cross between the Omnidirectional and the hypercardioid. Picks up sound in a heart shape (Hence the name) and rather medium range. |
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Term
| Music in early sound films as to recording. |
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Definition
| In early sound films and with the tri-ergon process all sounds had to be filmed on soundstage. This included music (A symphony would be on set) and sound effects ( A folley artist would be on set). |
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Until the creation of the Nagra in the late 1950's sync sound was only available the 35mm films. Also, optical sound wasn't goo quality so they switched to magnetic sound.
Most sound recording instruments were heavy and clunky. |
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Term
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Definition
| The camera send out a pilot tone (A TONE UNHEARABLE TO THE HUMAN EAR) to the sound recorder (which would be in a handy pack with a reciever). Because it was compact and light, it allowed for 16mm filmmakers (Docs and Studes) to use sound. |
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Term
| When is the composer let in on the production team? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Putting rythmic and stylistic smae music into Rough Cut for editing. |
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| Ambience, Background sound. The base on which all sound is built on. |
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| Absolute nothingness. Silence. There if no Room Tone. |
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Term
What sound elements are important in:
-Narrative film?
-Modernist Narrative?
-Realist Narrative? |
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Definition
-Speech (It's the story after all).
-Sound Effects (They override the dialogue and bring attention to themselves)
-Sound Effects also important in Realist Narrative (It helps create the sense of the real world. Not used like Modernist). |
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Definition
| Sound Effects. Remember the Ping-Pong scene? |
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Definition
| Themes for each character. Possibly Casablancan and Brazilian sound too (Same theme replayed throughout the film). |
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Definition
Having sound match Diegetic Space. NOT plotting of sound in movie houses. Orson Welles was the first to introduce this.
Synchronization does not effect Sound Perspective. |
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Term
| Fidelity. Synchronous v. Asynchronous sound |
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Definition
| Does the sound match to the source. Example: Does a dog bark (High fidelity? or Synchronous) or does a dog train noise? (Low Fidelity and Asynchronous). |
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Term
| Simultaneous v. Non-Sinultaneous |
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Definition
| Is the sound from the diegetic time? An Audal flashbakc or flahsforeward or Audal present? |
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Term
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Definition
| Objective (External) or Subjective (Internal). Are we hearing a soliloquy, or are we hearing diegetic dialog that is happening in the diegetic present? |
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| Basic PROPERTIES of sound |
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Definition
Loudness, Pitch, Timbre. All are objective, but for the most part:
Med-Soft loudness is good, Low pitch is good, and chordal is good. Timbre is the one of the three that isn't measurable. |
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| How the sounds fit together. the "color". Light or dark? Laser Tone v. Good Tone. Piano and Xylophone playing the same concert C will sound different. |
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The sounds of extras, although on set the extras make no sound whatsoever. Group ADR is done by groups of voice actors brought in. It's imporvised primarily on context and place.
-For the record, film babies aren't babies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Named after Jack Foley. The man in the booth making sounds with melons and water. Works int eh Foley Studio. 90% of all sound effects are FOOD! |
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Term
Ratio of footage shot to footage used for...
-Narrative
-Documentary |
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Definition
-10:1
-100:1
In a good day 3 min. of screen time will be canned. |
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Term
| Takes for Modern Hollywood |
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Definition
| The general amount of shots per film is 1000-2000, and an average of seven takes per shot. |
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| Also known as Rushes. The shots of the day. Immediately rushed to lab. |
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| A PRint that's good enough to see images. NOTHING MORE. Used for rough cutting and working with. |
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| Single Tape "band-aids" used for splicing. |
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| Cutting the negative to match the final rough cut. |
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| Almost all are women, cuts the negative to match the edit. |
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| Little itty bitty tiny winy numbers on the edge of film. |
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| NO! NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO. NO! The negative is never cut. The negative is made into an "Interpositive" through development, then the "Interpositive" is made into an "Internegative". The internegative is the one that gets cut and spliced and eaten. |
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| The sound version of the match cut. Used in Continuity editing. Do not edit on pauses of dialog, edit during dialog. NOT THE SAME AS OVERLAPPING DIALOG. |
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Definition
| For Interscene editing. Sound is cut slightly before image is cut for smooth transition. |
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Term
| How a camera and projector work. |
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Definition
| Look at notes or on internet. |
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Definition
| A flatbed editor. need eight reels for editing together Sound Effects, Music, and Speech (Two for each aspect, and two for film). |
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| The upright editing machine. That one editor started out on a moviola...the guy who did...Cold Mountain? |
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Definition
Audio Digital Recording (?)
Also called looping. Mains come in and record sound dubbing themselves. Most of the film is ADR. |
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Term
| Italy and Hong Kong sound |
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Definition
| All sound is rcored in post in Italy and Hong Kong |
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Definition
| In charge of laying cables and setting mics. COntroller of ambient sound. |
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| Experiental and Animation films with Sound tracks. |
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Definition
| Experimental and animation films build around the sound track. |
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Definition
| Muffling the voices on telephones and making it tinn as well. FUTZ! |
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Definition
| The putting together of sound. |
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Term
| Sneaking in, Sneaking out |
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Definition
| The musical score becomming prominent during non dialog scenes then phasing out when dialogue happens again. |
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Definition
| The coordination rythmically of sound and image. Like Steamboat Willie. |
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Definition
| Uses different music over the same image sequaence to show importance of sound. |
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