Term
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Definition
| byproduct of protein metabolism that decreases with parenchymal liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma protein produced in the fetal liver and by hepatocellular carcinomas; elevated levels may also be seen in cirrhosis and hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| hepatitis that resolves within 4 months after the initial infection |
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Term
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Definition
| a liver enzyme formerly referred to as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase |
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Term
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Definition
| an accumulation of serous fluid within the potential spaces of the abdomen |
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Term
| aspartate aminotransferase |
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Definition
| a liver enzyme formerly referred to as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase |
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Term
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Definition
| end product of red blood cell metabolism that is stored in the liver and used to help metabolize fatty foods |
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Term
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Definition
| persistence of changes associated with hepatitis for more than 6 months |
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Term
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Definition
| degenerative disease of the liver in which the hepatocytes are gradually replaced with fibrous and fatty tissues |
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Term
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome |
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Definition
| the develoment of paraumbilical collateral flow in cases of portal hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| bilirubin that has beeen absorbed by the hepatocytes and is then water-soluble; also known as conjugated bilirubin |
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Term
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Definition
| common collateral pathway for the hepatic circulation in cases of portal hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of normal liver parenchyma not replaced with fatty tissues occasionally seen in patients with fatty liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the accumulation of fat within hepatic parenchyma that is often associated with alcoholism, obesity, and diabetes |
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Term
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase |
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Definition
| aids in the transport of amino acids across cell membranes; elevates in cases of parenchymal liver disease and is especially sensitive to alcohol-related liver disease; often parallels alkaline phosphatase (ALP) |
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by a viral infection or a reaction to drugs or alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| dysfunction of the hepatocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| portal vein blood flow away from the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| primary liver carcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
| portal vein blood flow toward the liver |
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Term
| Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease |
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Definition
| painless enlargement of the lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| bilirubin present in the blood stream and not yet absorbed by the hepatocytes; water-insoluble; also known as unconjugated bilirubin |
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Term
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Definition
| an ultrasound contrast agent |
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Term
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Definition
| diseases of the lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood is shunted from the superior mesenteric vein directly into the inferior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| the potential space located between the liver and the right kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant lymphoma arising from lymphoid tissues of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| an intravenously administered ultrasound contrast agent |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of the portal vein walls |
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Term
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Definition
| shunts blood from the main portal vein at the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein directly into the inferior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| increased size and pressure within the portal venous system often leading to collateral vessels and reversed flow within the portal vein |
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Term
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Definition
| determines the time necessary for blood clotting to occur; increases in cases of parenchymal liver disease or vitamin K deficiency |
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Term
| recanalized umbilical vein |
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Definition
| opening of the potential space located within the ligament of teres left by the fetal umbilical vein |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant tumor of the connective tissues or lymphoid tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| blood is shunted from the splenic vein into the left renal vein |
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Term
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Definition
| the potential spaces located between the liver and the diaphragm |
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Term
| transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt |
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Definition
| a procedure that involves the placement of a shunt to direct blood past the hypertensive portal venous system or venous varices and aid in the return of venous blood to general circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative circulatory pathways that develop after pathologic changes prevent normal vascular pathways from serving as an adequate source of blood to an organ |
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Term
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Definition
| a carcinogenic fungus found in grains (corn, wheat) and peanuts |
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Term
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Definition
| a tumor comprised of fat, vessels, and muscle tissue that is frequently identified in the kidneys and occurs rarely in the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common malignant disease of mesenchymal origin in the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| a rare syndrome characterized by the occlusion of the hepatic veins or the inferior vena cava or both |
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Term
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Definition
| rare cystic tumor comprised of biliary epithelial cells that may undergo malignant transformation |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder marked by a decrease or lack of secretion of insulin by the pancreas |
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Term
| epithelioid hemangioendothelioma |
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Definition
| a rare malignant vascular tumor of endothelial origin that sonographically appears as multiple hypoechoic lesions in the periphery of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| a rare malignant neoplasm; occurs in younger patients than does hepatocellular carcinoma; is of hepatocellular origin, although distinct from hepatocellular carcinoma; serum alpha-fetoprotein level is usually normal |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in the parenchyma of the liver that perform the metabolic functions |
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Term
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Definition
| phagocytic cells in the parenchyma of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| benign, smooth muscle tumors frequently seen in the uterus; also known as fibroids |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass comprised of dilated lymph vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| a neoplasm of lymphoid tissue; the liver may be a primary site |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal tissue growth, malignant or benign |
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Term
| nodular regenerative hyperplasia |
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Definition
| a rare benign process of diffuse lever involvement by nodules comprised of hyperplastic hepatocytes; associated with portal hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures, and skin lesions; associated with the development of lesions in multiple systems within the body |
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Term
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Definition
| an autosomal recessive disease marked by excessive storage of glycogen in the liver, kidneys, and intestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
-RUQ pain, fever, jaundice, nausea na dvomiting, anorexia, fatigue
-round or oval; hypoechoic lesion; fluid-debris level; complex, irregular wall; with or without enhancement |
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Term
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Definition
-asymptomatic, pain when cysts are large
-round or oval; anechoic, thin-walled, posterior enhancement |
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Term
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Definition
-RUQ pain, hepatomegaly
-echogenic to cystic, septations |
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Term
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Definition
-RUQ pain, jaundice
-Echogenic foci that shadow in ducts; with or without ductal dilation |
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Term
|
Definition
-painless jaundice, pruritus, abdominal pain, anorexia, malaise, weight loss
-liver mass, mass within ducts, intrahepatic ductal dilation |
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Term
|
Definition
-fever, abdominal pain, jaudice
-biliary ductal dilation, thickening of ductal walls |
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Term
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Definition
-asymptomatic, RUQ pain, pain after fatty meals, epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting
-echogenic foci that shadow and move |
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Term
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Definition
-RUQ pain, fever
-thickened GB wall; gallstones and sludge may be seen; WES sign |
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Term
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Definition
-asymptomatic, RUQ pain
-anechoic or echogenic foci in GB wall; wall thickening or comet-tail or shadow artifacts may be seen |
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Term
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Definition
-asymptomatic, RUQ pain
-multiple polypoid lesions in GB wall; comet-tail artifact may be seen |
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Term
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Definition
-RUQ pain, weight loss, anorexia, jaundice, nausea and vomiting, hepatomegaly
-irregular polypoid mass, localized wall thickening, calcification of GB wall |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a condition, especially in older persons, in which plaque builds on arterial walls and causes narrowing of the lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| an antigen present in trace amounts in adult tissue; when blood test results reveal elevated serum levels, cancer is suspected |
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Term
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Definition
| fluids that may contain cells, serum, or purulent material and ooze from tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a projection of soft tissue from the wall into the gallbladder lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in white blood cells that is often associated with infection |
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Term
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Definition
| pain on palpation over the area of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment given for the comfort of the patient but not as a cure |
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Term
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Definition
| calcification of the gallbladder wall; associated with gallbladder cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| total parenteral nutrition |
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Definition
| a solution administered intravenously to provide nutritional requirements |
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Term
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Definition
-asymptomatic, RUQ pain
-round or oval, well-difined, hyperechoic; may enhance |
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Term
|
Definition
-RUQ pain
-encapsulated, well-defined, hyperechoic lesion; peripheral vasculature with Doppler scan |
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Term
| Focal nodular hyperplasia |
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Definition
-usually asymptomatic
-isoechoic, hyperechoic, or hypoechoic lesion; homogeneous, central vascular scar with Doppler scan |
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Term
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Definition
-usually asymptomatic
-highly echogenic lesion; propagation speed artifact |
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Term
|
Definition
-palpable mass, hepatomegaly, fever, signs of cirrhosis
-hypoechoic mass when small; hyperechoic and inhomogeneous when large, diffuse inhomogeneity; peripheral and intratumoral flow with Doppler scan |
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Term
|
Definition
-jaundice, pain, weight loss, anorexia
-multiple lesions, variable echogenicity; diffuse inhomogeneity |
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