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Definition
| The quantity of heat energy that must be absorbed to increase the temp of 1g of substance by 1 degree Celcius |
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Definition
water has a _____ _____ to absorb and release heat due to strong hydrogen bonding)
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Term
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Definition
| nonconducting solute when in aqueous solution |
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Term
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Definition
| conducting solute when in aqueous solution |
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Term
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Definition
| what do compounds consisting of metals and nonmetals form? |
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Definition
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Definition
| what do covalent molecules do when dissolved in solution? |
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Term
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Definition
| do polar or nonpolar bonds dissolve in water? |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that releases hydrogen ions, H+ , in aqueous solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| a hydrogen has no electron, and only one one proton, so it is referred to as? |
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Term
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Definition
| any compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution |
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Term
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Definition
| simply written as H+ but is H3O+ when in aqueous solution |
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Term
-bitter taste
-slippery feel when dissolved in water
-turns red litmus paper blue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when molecules break up into ions |
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Term
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Definition
| when acids and bases react with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| when do hydrogen ions from an acid combine with the hydroxide ions from a base to form molecules of water? |
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Term
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Definition
| remove the species that appear unchanged o both sides of the reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| in a solution, the measure of the concentration of the H+ ions present in that solution |
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Term
| log-based and represented as: pH=-log[H+] |
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Definition
| mathematical expression for pH |
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Term
| carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves to a slight extent in water and reacts with it to produce a slightly acidic solution of carbonic acid |
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Definition
| why is rain naturally acidic? |
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Term
| the oxides of sulfur (SOx) and nitrogen(NOx) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| these emissions are highest in regions with man coal-fired electric power plants, steel mills, and other heavy industries that rely on coal |
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Term
| in states with large urban areas, high population densities and heavy car traffic |
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Definition
| where are NOx emissions found |
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Term
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Definition
| oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how does sulfur get into the atmosphere? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller ones with the release of energy |
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Term
| the sum of the masses of these fragments is lless than the original mass |
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Definition
| why is energy released in Einstein's equation? |
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Term
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Definition
| Einstein's Energy equation |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of fissionable fuel required to sustain a chain reaction, providing that the fuel is held together long enough for the reaction to occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fission reaction becomes self-sustaining |
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Term
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Definition
| a device in which a nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate |
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Term
-efficient production of electricity
-little to no CO2 produced as a byproduct |
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Definition
| benefits to nuclear power |
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Term
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Definition
| the radiation that exists at a particular location, usually due to natural sources |
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Term
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Definition
| the concept that low doses of a harmful substance (such as radiation) may actually be beneficial |
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Term
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Definition
| the time required for the level of radioactivity to fall to one half of it's initial value |
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Term
| low-level radioactive waste (LLW) |
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Definition
| specifically excludes nuclear fuel |
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Term
-contaminated lab clothing/tools from radioisotope experiments
-discarded smoke detectors
-radioactive pharmaceuticals |
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Definition
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Term
| high level radioactive waste (HLW) |
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Definition
| has high levels of radioactivity and, b/c of the half-lives of radioisotopes involved, requires permanent isolation from the biosphere |
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Term
-tends tobe highly acidic and basic
-contains toxic metals
-contains fissionable plutonium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a system for the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| what are every day batteries called |
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Term
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Definition
| a device that converts the energy released in a spontaneous chemical reaction into electrical energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the transfer of electrons through an external circuit |
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Definition
| What produces electricity? |
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Term
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Definition
| the flow of electrons from one region to another that is driven by a difference in potential energy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| electrodes are placed in the cell as sites for chemical reactions |
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Definition
| what enables the transfer of electrons? |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference in electrochemical potential between the two electrodes |
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Term
| Lead-Acid Storage Battery |
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Definition
| a true battery because it consists of a series of six cells. |
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