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SOL Review Flash Cards
Use these to review key words and formulas for your Virginia Grade 5 Math SOL Test
107
Mathematics
5th Grade
06/02/2014

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Cards

Term
Sum
Definition
the answer to an addition problem (+)
Term
difference
Definition
the answer to a subtraction problem (-)
Term
product
Definition
the answer to a multiplication problem (x, ·, or parenthesis)
Term
quotient
Definition
the answer to a division problem (÷)
Term
hundredths
Definition
the second decimal place value (0.01)
Term
thousandths
Definition
the third decimal place value (0.001)
Term
what is the mean and how do you find it?
Definition
the average of a group of numbers (also called fair share), found by adding them all together and dividing by the amount of numbers
Term
what is the median and how do you find it?
Definition
the number in the middle of a list of numbers (they must be sorted from least to greatest before you find the median)
Term
mode
Definition
the most common number in a list of numbers
Term
what is the variation and how do you find it?
Definition
the difference between the largest and smallest numbers in a list (also called the range)
Term
kilo
Definition
a prefix that means 1000 times bigger
Term
centi
Definition
a prefix that means 100 times smaller
Term
milli
Definition
a prefix that means 1000 times smaller
Term
gram
Definition
a unit for measuring mass (pennies up to books or fruit)
Term
kilogram
Definition
a unit for measuring mass (large books/large fruits and up)
Term
milligram
Definition
a unit for measuring mass (items smaller than pennies)
Term
milliliter
Definition
a unit for measuring volume (anything smaller than a water bottle)
Term
liter
Definition
a unit for measuring volume (anything bigger than a water bottle)
Term
meter
Definition
a unit for measuring length (anything longer than an adult but smaller than a mile)
Term
kilometer
Definition
a unit for measuring length (comparable to miles)
Term
centimeter
Definition
a unit for measuring length (bigger than 1 or 2 inches and smaller than an adult)
Term
millimeter
Definition
a unit for measuring length (anything smaller than 1 or 2 inches)
Term
tree diagram
Definition
a tool used to list all possible outcomes in a probability experiment
Term
probability
Definition
the likelihood of an outcome (can be expressed as a fraction or as words like “likely”)
Term
equilateral triangle
Definition
a triangle with 3 congruent sides
Term
isosceles triangle
Definition
a triangle with 2 congruent sides and 1 side that’s different
Term
scalene triangle
Definition
a triangle with no congruent sides
Term
right triangle
Definition
a triangle with one right angle
Term
obtuse triangle
Definition
a triangle with one obtuse angle
Term
acute triangle
Definition
a triangle with three acute angles
Term
circumference
Definition
the distance around a circle (about 3 times larger than diameter)
Term
diameter
Definition
a line that cuts a circle in half and passes through the center of a circle (twice as large as the radius)
Term
radius
Definition
a line that extends from the center of a circle to the outside edge
Term
area
Definition
the space inside of a 2D shape
Term
perimeter
Definition
the distance around a shape
Term
volume
Definition
the space inside a 3D shape
Term
area of a rectangle
Definition
length x width
Term
area of a right triangle
Definition
(length x width) ÷ 2

[remember to divide by 2 because a right triangle is half of a rectangle]
Term
how do you find the perimeter?
Definition
add all the sides together
Term
variable
Definition
a letter that stands for an unknown amount in a number sentence
Term
open sentence
Definition
an equation or expression with a variable in it
Term
equation
Definition
a number sentence with an equal sign
Term
expression
Definition
a number sentence without an equal sign
Term
order of operations
Definition
PEMDAS (parenthesis, exponents, multiplication or division, addition or subtraction)
Term
tenths
Definition
the first decimal place value (0.1)
Term
volume of a rectangular prism
Definition
length x width x height
Term
Should you line up decimals when doing addition and subtraction?
Definition
Yes
Term
Do you line up decimals when you multiply?
Definition
No
Term
Range
Definition
the difference between the highest and lowest number in a set (synonym: variation)
Term
How do you find the mean?
Definition
Add all the numbers then divide by how many numbers there are.
Term
How do you find the median?
Definition
Put the numbers in order, then pick the number in the middle (if there are 2 in the middle, add them and divide by 2)
Term
How do you find the mode?
Definition
Look for the number that appears the most.
Term
Fair Share
Definition
A synonym for mean; this is the amount one person gets when everyone shares their total equally with everyone else.
Term
What is 1/2 as a decimal?
Definition
0.5
Term
What is 1/4 as a decimal?
Definition
0.25
Term
What is 3/4 as a decimal?
Definition
0.75
Term
What is 1/5 as a decimal?
Definition
0.2
Term
What is 3/5 as a decimal?
Definition
0.6
Term
What is 1/8 as a decimal
Definition
0.125
Term
What is 3/8 as a decimal?
Definition
0.375
Term
What is 5/8 as a decimal?
Definition
0.625
Term
What is 7/8 as a decimal?
Definition
0.875
Term
What should you create to help you on probability questions?
Definition
A tree diagram
Term
How do you show your work for adding and subtracting fractions?
Definition
A fraction T-chart or Whole-Fraction (W-F) chart.
Term
How do you show your work for solving Order of Operations expressions?
Definition
PEMDAS Pyramid (or pizza, or pie, or whatever you want to call it)
Term
How can you show multiplication with a number and a variable?
Definition
Put them right next to each other (like 5 times n could be shown as 5n).
Term
What does it mean if a number is right next to parenthesis?
Example: 7(8+5)
Definition
It means multiply that number with whatever is inside the parenthesis.
Term
What does the line in the middle of a fraction really mean?
Definition
It means "divided by". Every fraction is actually a division problem.
Term
Prime number
Definition
A number with only two factors
Term
Composite number
Definition
A number with more than two factors
Term
This number is neither prime nor composite
Definition
1
Term
What is the strategy to identify a prime or composite number (this works up to 100)?
Definition
4-question strategy or 100 chart.
4 question strategy:Ask yourself if it's a multiple of 2, 3, 5, or 7? If you say "no" 4 times, it's prime. If you say "yes" to any of those questions, it's composite.

On a 100 chart, cross off 1, then circle 2, 3, 5, and 7. Shade in all the multiples of 2, 3, 5, and 7 (not counting those numbers). Circle everything that's not shaded or crossed out. You'll have the composite numbers shaded in, the prime numbers circled, and the special number (1) crossed out.
Term
What should you do to help you on computation questions?
Definition
Estimate first! Estimation will help you see if your answer is reasonable.
Term
How do you check your work on computation questions?
Definition
You can check your work by doing the opposite operation. For example, you can check multiplication by doing division. You can check subtraction by doing addition.
Term
acute angle
Definition
an angle less than 90 degrees
Term
right angle
Definition
an angle equal to 90 degrees
Term
obtuse angle
Definition
an angle more than 90 degrees
Term
straight angle
Definition
a 180 degree angle
Term
acute triangle
Definition
a triangle with three acute angles
Term
obtuse triangle
Definition
a triangle with one obtuse angle
Term
right triangle
Definition
a triangle with one right angle
Term
scalene triangle
Definition
a triangle where no sides are congruent
Term
equilateral triangle
Definition
a triangle with three congruent sides
Term
isosceles triangle
Definition
a triangle with two congruent sides and one side that's different
Term
[image]
Definition
40 Degrees
Term
[image]
Definition

By sides: Equilateral

By angles: Acute

Term
[image]
Definition

By sides: Isosceles

By angles: Obtuse

Term
[image]
Definition
Rhombus
Term
[image]
Definition

By sides: Scalene

By angles: Right

Term
[image]
Definition
Trapezoid
Term
Circumference
Definition
The distance around a circle.
Term
Chord
Definition
A line that touches the outside edge of a circle at 2 points.
Term
Diameter
Definition
The longest chord in a circle; a line that cuts the circle in half; a chord that passes through the center of a circle.
Term
Radius
Definition
A line that extends from the center of a circle to the outside edge.
Term
How are the circumference and diameter related?
Definition
The circumference is about 3 times larger than the diameter.
Term
How are the diameter and radius related?
Definition
The diameter is twice the size of the radius; the radius is half the size of the diameter.
Term
How are the radius and circumference related?
Definition
Since circumference is about 3 times larger than the diameter and the diameter is twice as big as the radius, the circumference is about 6 times bigger than the radius.
Term
What is 1/20 as a decimal?
Definition
0.05
Term
What is 19/20 as a decimal?
Definition
0.95
Term
What is 1/25 as a decimal?
Definition
0.04
Term
What is 24/25 as a decimal?
Definition
0.96
Term
What is 1/50 as a decimal?
Definition
0.02
Term
Translation (a geometric transformation)
Definition
When you move a shape
Term
Rotation (a geometric transformation)
Definition
When you turn a shape
Term
Reflection (a geometric transformation)
Definition
When you flip a shape
Term
What's the sum of the angles in a triangle?
Definition
180 degrees
Term
What's the fundamental counting principle?
Definition
It says that in a probability experiment you can determine how many outcomes are in the sample space by multiplying all of the various categories together. This only works if you are picking 1 from each category.
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