Term
| "The Father of Soil Mechanics" |
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| First person to use mechanics to solve soil problems |
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Definition
| Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic |
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| Best rock foundation type |
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Definition
Igneous: best
Sedimentary: worst
Metamorphic: ok |
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Definition
| Formed by the solidification of molten magma. Minerals form as magma cools. |
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Definition
| Deposits of gravel, sand, silt, clay formed by weathering are subject to pressure and cemented together by minerals such as IRON OXIDE CALITE to form this rock type. Can also form by chemical processes |
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Definition
Formed by the process of changing the composition and texture of rocks with heat and pressure
ex: shale => slate
calcity => marble |
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Definition
The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.
2 Types: Mechanical & Chemical |
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Definition
| break down of material into smaller particles without change in the chemical composition (ex. temperature, wind, running water, waves) |
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| rocks are transformed into new minerals by chemical reactions with water |
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Term
| Clay Minerals are composed of these 2 basic units |
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Definition
Silica tetrahedron (SiO4)
&
Alumina octahedron |
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Term
| Silica tetrahedron (SiO4) |
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Definition
| Silicon cation surrounded by 4 oxygens creating a 4 triangular faced pyramid type structure. They combine to form silica sheets. |
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Definition
| Represented by a trapezoid. |
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Definition
| Central aluminum or magnesium cation surrounded by 6 oxygen ions. They combine to form gibbsite sheet (aluminum) or brucite sheet (magnesium) |
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| Alumina octahedron sheets |
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Definition
gibbsite (aluminum) or brucite (magnesium)
represented by a rectangle. |
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Definition
1:1 clay mineral
1 silica sheet and 1 alumina sheet are bonded together by hydrogen bonds
specific surface = 15 m2/g |
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Definition
| the surface area of a unit of mass of material |
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2:1 clay mineral
1 alumina sheet between 2 silica sheets, held together by potassium ions
specific surface = 80 m2/g |
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Definition
2:1 clay mineral (bad as foundation)
1 alumina sheet between 2 silica sheets, held together by weak van der Waals forces and exchangable ions.
specific surface = 800 m2/g |
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Definition
| carry negative charges due to isomorphus substitution |
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Definition
| the substitution of one element (cation) for another with no change in the crystalline structure |
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Definition
| A thin film of water is chemically bonded to the clay surface |
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Term
| 2 types of surface forces on clay particles |
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Definition
| Attractive & Repulsive Forces |
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Term
| Attractive Forces on Clay Particles |
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Definition
| due to London-van der Waals forces |
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Term
| Repulsive Forces on Clay Particles |
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Definition
| due to the Diffuse Double Layer (DDL) |
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Definition
| the arrangement of particles, particle groups, and the associated pore spaces. the "brain memory" of the soil |
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Term
| Particle Association in Clay Suspensions can be described in 4 main ways: |
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Definition
| Dispersed, Aggregated, Flocculated, Deflocculated |
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Definition
| no face-to-face association of clay particles |
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Definition
| face-to-face association (FF) of several clay particles |
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Definition
| edge-to-edge (EE) or edge-to-face (EF) association of aggregates |
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Definition
| No association between aggregates |
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Definition
| only used for coarse grained soils (sand and gravel) |
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Definition
| only for fine-grained soils (silt and clay) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
4.75 mm openings.
4 openings/inch |
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Definition
2 mm openings.
10 openings/inch |
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Definition
0.075 mm opeings.
200 openings/inch |
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Definition
| take ab 50 g of soil passing sieve 10 and prepare a suspension of soil and take hydrometer measurements and temperature with time. |
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Definition
| Effective Size; the diameter of the soil particles for which 10% of the particles are finer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Uniformity Coefficient, Cu |
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Definition
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| Coefficient of Curvature, Cc |
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Definition
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Definition
| Solid > (Shrinkage Limit) > Semisolid > (Plastic Limit) > Plastic > (Liquid Limit) > Liquid |
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Definition
| device used for liquid limit measurement |
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Definition
| Device used in Europe and Asia to test liquid limits |
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Definition
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Definition
| used as an index for identifying compressibility/swelling potential of soils |
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Definition
| only for sandy soils; an index value to indicate the packing of coarse-grained soils. |
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Term
| Description Based on Relative Density |
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Definition
| Very Loose, Loose, Firm, Dense, Very Dense |
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Term
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Definition
- a necessary process to improve engineering properties of fill soils
- increases soils shear strength and reduces compressibility and permeability
- standard lab test is the standard proctor test or the modified proctor test
- SPT is used for almost all civilian construction work. MPT is only used for projects involving heavy installations
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Term
| Types of Comaction Curves |
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Definition
| Bell-Shaped Curves, One and One-Half Peaks Curve, Double Peak Curve, Odd-Shaped Curve |
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Term
| Factors Affecting Compaction |
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Definition
Soil Type
Compaction Energy |
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Term
Dry Density VS Water Content Chart,
starting from bottom, list going up and to the left |
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Definition
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