Term
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Definition
| Conversion of organic N to inorganic N |
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Definition
| A step in mineralization: Conversion of amino acids to ammonium |
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Term
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Definition
| conversion of ammonium ions to ammonia gas |
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Definition
| Conversion of inorganic N to organic N |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of ammonium to nitrate |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria converts ammonium to nitrite |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria converts nitrite to nitrate |
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Term
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Definition
| conversion of nitrate to gaseous N (N2, N2O, NO2) |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical nutrient loss through the soil profile with water movement. Nitrate is the predominant N form lost via leaching since it primarily resides in the soil solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of N2 gas into ammonium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Haber-Bosch process of reacting hydrogen and nitrogen gases under high temperature and pressure to create ammonium. |
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Definition
| Conversion of N2 gas into ammonium by microorganisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of N2 gas into ammonium by microorganisms in co-dependent relationship with plants. Bacteria are incorporated into root structure nodules. |
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Definition
| Conversion of N2 gas into ammonium by microorganisms inhabiting plant root rhizosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| soil and plant enzyme that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical N forms that do not have carbon, e.g. nitrate, ammonium. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical N forms that are bonded to carbon, e.g. amino acids, proteins, DNA. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| N2 Most abundant gas in the earth’s atmosphere. Reactant of N fixation, product of denitrification. |
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Term
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Definition
| N2O gaseous product of denitrification. Powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to global climate change. |
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Term
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Definition
| CO(NH2)2; this is both a natural organic molecule and a synthetic N fertilizer |
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Term
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Definition
| N containing, building block monomers of protein |
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Term
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Definition
| N containing, long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions |
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Term
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Definition
| N containing molecules that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds..Enzymes are proteins that catalyze specific metabolic reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| solid N fertilizer that is hygroscopic and explosive. It is now commercially banned in the US because it can be used as an ingredient in making explosives. |
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Term
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Definition
| a natural organic N molecule (e.g. animal excretion product in urine) as well as a popular commercially produced solid fertilizer. |
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Term
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Definition
| gaseous N; primary product of Haber Bosch; also used as a fertilizer that can be injected directly into soil; also can be a reactant in producing other chemical fertilizers. |
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Term
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Definition
| urea ammonium nitrate, a popular liquid fertilizer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sewage plant by-product (aka sewage sludge) that can be dried and used as a soil amendment. Although organic in nature, it is not certified to be used in USDA certified organic farming systems, due to concerns over heavy metals and pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal digestive waste that can be used as a soil amendment. |
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Definition
| crop grown specifically to accumulate plant biomass and nutrients that are then returned to the soil to promote better soil quality, reduce soil erosion and improve nutrient cycling of the crop rotation. |
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Term
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Definition
| crop capable of hosting symbiotic N fixing organisms for promoting biological N fixation, e.g. peas, beans, clover, alfalfa. |
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Term
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Definition
| symbiotic N fixing bacteria that stimulate nodule formation on legume roots. |
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Term
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Definition
| physical trapping of ammonium ions between contracting 2:1 clay silicates, rendering the ammonium less plant available. Expansion and contraction of these clays occurs during wetting and drying cycles. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin -- a form of hemoglobin -- is produced. Hemoglobin is the molecule in red blood cells that distributes oxygen to the body. Syndrome can occur in young infants that ingest high levels of nitrate in drinking water, resulting in oxygen starvation, also known as “blue baby syndrome”. |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's [ocean]s and large lakes, caused by "excessive nutrient pollution from human activities coupled with other factors that deplete the oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and near-bottom water |
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Term
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Definition
| reactions or pathways that require oxygen, e.g. organic matter mineralization, nitrification, ion uptake by plants, metal oxidation. |
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Definition
| reactions or pathways that do not require oxygen. These often occur under water saturated conditions, e.g. denitrification, sulfate and metal reduction. |
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