Term
| What % of plant tissues are composed of water? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue turgidity, cell expansion/growth, photosynthesis, respiration/transpiration, Nutrient availability/transport, chemical reactions, and root/microbe growth |
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Term
| Water Stress or Excess Water: Causes plant growth inhibition and wilting. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water Stress or Excess Water: Displaces air from soil pores. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water Stress or Excess Water: Causes oxygen and nutrient deficiencies, susceptibility to fungi, toxin build-up, and root damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is when water advances into the soil leaving a distinct line that is wet behind it and dry ahead of it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is when water moves upward in the soil as surface layers dry, moving from areas of high potential to areas of low potential? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Water flows the same, regardless of the soil horizon. |
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Definition
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Term
| What acts like an artificial root and measures soil-moisture potential? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is water that lands on the soil but fails to enter the soil, so it collects on the surface to form puddles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 symptoms of significant root death due to ponding or saturated conditions? |
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Definition
| Orange-yellow lower leaves and severe wilting that mimics severe drought stress |
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Term
| Yellowing around the veins/margins and browning tips of leaves signify what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when water level exceeds the height of capillary rise? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would capillary action differ in sandy soil vs fine-textured soil? |
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Definition
| Water won't move as far or rise as high |
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Term
| What is water molecules attracted to other water molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is cohesion water held together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are water molecules that are attracted to solid surfaces? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of water has little movement and is held tight by soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of water exists as a film and is unavailable to plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of water exists in macropores and moves freely? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adhesion/Cohesion/Gravitational Water: What has the most available water to plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Each clay sheet is slightly separated from those on either side. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Water is attracted to clay surfaces. |
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Definition
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Term
| What soil particle can water still coat even in very dry soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of water is in oceans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the engine fueled by the sun's energy and transports water from the ocean to land and back again? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 resources of water in the US? |
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Definition
| Water vapor, fresh surface water, and groundwater |
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Term
| What are 3 main climates in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What business is the largest user of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 reasons for conservation? |
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Definition
| Preservation of water sources, increased yields, and fewer runoff problems |
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Term
| Improved soil moisture, reduced erosion, topsoil loss, less downstream flooding/pollution are benefits of reducing what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What soil texture holds the most water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What soil texture has the most plant available water? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you increase plant available water in soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What soil particle does water move fastest through? |
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Definition
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Term
| What soil particle does water move through the furthest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of roots absorb the most water? |
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Definition
| Root hairs, especially last 10cm |
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Term
| What type of pollution can you pinpoint the location? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pollution is harder to pinpoint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some benefits of reducing water usage? |
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Definition
| Paying less for water, preserving water resources, and plants grow longer roots |
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Term
| What are benefits of reducing runoff? |
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Definition
| Less pollution and more fertilizers are kept for the plants |
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Term
| How can you reduce water usage and runoff at home? |
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Definition
| Terracing, raised beds, rain barrels, rain gardens, and using rocks to drain water to a useful place |
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Term
| What are riparian forest buffers? |
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Definition
| Natural wetlands or a created wetlands |
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Term
| What causes Gulf hypoxia, or the dead zone? |
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Definition
| Algae overgrowth caused by high nitrogen and phosphorus, then the algae dies causing saprophytes to consume it and use up a lot of oxygen. Then things die from lack of oxygen. |
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Term
| What are 3 ways to capture runoff? |
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Definition
| Terraces, contour tillage, and strip cropping |
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Term
| What are 4 ways to improve water intake rate? |
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Definition
| Subsoiling, aeration, mulch, and conservation tilling |
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Term
| What are 2 ways to capture snowfall? |
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Definition
| Buffer strips and stubble-mulching |
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Term
| How do you reduce soil percolation? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you capture water from hard surfaces? |
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Definition
| Pervious paving (can absorb water) |
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Term
| What is captured water that has been used for some other purpose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 examples of common pollution point sources? |
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Definition
| Manure storage and feedlots |
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Term
| What's an example of nonpoint pollution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 things you should reduce to avoid pollution? |
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Definition
| Runoff, erosion, and fertilizer losses |
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Term
| What are 4 ways to reduce pollution besides reducing runoff, erosion, and fertilizer runoff? |
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Definition
| Store and apply manure properly, maintain wetlands, practice drainage management, and install conservation buffers |
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