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| This is Missouri's state soil. Formed in deep loess. The state Capitol is built on this. |
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| The -u in -udalf stands for... |
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| "Hapludalf" is the _____ group. |
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| normal. Downward movement of clay. |
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| The whole word "Typic Hapludalf" is the |
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| The whole word "Typic Hapludalf" is the |
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| "Fine, Silty, Mixed, Mesic" is the ... |
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| a mixture of different types of clays. |
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| temperature regime for plants. |
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| Vertic Aeric Albaqualf is an... |
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| Alfisol from a humid pace with vertisol like qualities. |
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| The subgroup of the soil are the words that end with ... |
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| -ic. So, the subgroup of this soil are the words in front of Albaqualf, i.e., Vertic and Aeric. |
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| Greatest stability. Well-suited, drained, permeable, deep, doesn't erode. Only 2% of land in the U.S. is capability class I. Mostly houses and asphalt are on this soil because it's easy to build on. |
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| Suited for cultivation with moderate limitations. Maybe some erosion problems. Slightly higher slope, may need to employ something which will keep residue off the surface. |
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| Severe limitations. On even steeper slope, greater erosion potential, needs terraces, more need to supply something else to alleviate problem. |
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| Very severe limitations. Erosion potential such a constraint factor, employ even greater classification. |
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| Slope is steep enough you shouldn't be cultivating it. May be good for hay bales. |
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| Steeper, erosion more and more of a problem. Maybe can only lightly be grazed, no hay bales because it's too fragile. |
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| Most fragile. It's so fragile you don't want to take anything from it. Controlled by Geology, it's like the Grand Canyon or the top of a mountain. |
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| Like Class I, but fits into a situation where, because of its placement, it has flooding problems. It may be deep and cultivate well, but it is in a flood plain. It would be a fine soil, but its placement really screws it over. |
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| erosion (by wind or water) |
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| wetness, drainage problems, high water table. |
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| root zone limitation, limits ability of the roots. Bedrock, clay pans, subsoils that are sandy or gravelly are root zone limitations because of water limitations. |
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| climate. And or permafrost like gellisols. |
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| United Chemical Weathering |
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| Form 2-Degree Silicate Clays |
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| Higher Plant Life - Can root, hold some water. OM added over time. Freshly transported parent materials whether blown in, H2O or glacier. Soil profile begins to come in. |
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| Characteristic Structure - OM stabilizes structure. Better structure provides more pores, more pore space provides for deeper rooting. Also allows more water movement and leaching. This is the soil's prime. Develop structure, lhave not elaches out bases. It's the soils priomes physically, chemically and biologically. |
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| Leaching of Acid Soluble Compnents - An acid solucte component is a base. So leaching of bases out of the soil. Starting to change chemistry more. |
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| Downward Transolacation and Movement of Clay - Mature soil - clay bulge. |
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| Development and Accumulation of Oxides of Iron and Aluminum - Old senile soil. Bases and most of silicates stripped out, left with Aluminium and Iron. |
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1. Better understanding so we can use it better.
2. Organizes our knowledge
3. Used for communication
4. Human Nature |
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| Soil Taxonomy - Natural system, bases upon real properties like texture, structure, depth etc... (things we can measure). |
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| ENT - Greek for Recent. SOIL Greek for young. Very important. So it's either a young parent material or a fresjlyl transported parent material (often floodplains) or where it's difficult to weather the parents material; Eolian sands (quartz). So important because most major cities located nar floodplains are hard to break down, Eolian sands are good for military breakouts. Has little horizon. A/C. Shallow surface, fits into Stage 5. |
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| (Near Inception): Not as young as entisols. From horizon standpoint: A/Bw/C. The Bw is news. The W is due to the change in color or structure. It's Stage6, can be STage 7. Typically under forest or woody vegetation. |
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Mollify - or soften. FAir amount of OM<. Dark, deep, high OM, soft-structures surface soil. Almost always tpically formed under native prairies. High % have saturations (high native fertility). Fairlly ideal for a lot of plant growth. Can be young to mature. Stage 5 --> A/C Can be STage 6 or 7 A/Bw/C Or even Stage 8 A/Bt/C The "t" with the B indicates a translocation of clay.
Important for food/fiber production. |
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| Starting to generate iron/aluminum. Mature - develop under natural forest. Downward movement of clay. A/E/Bt/C Lots of native bases located deep. % base saturation is up. MO has many alifisols and molisols. This is Stage 8A because of downward movement of clay. |
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Near ultimate in weathering. Older. Formed under forested conditions, under conifers or mixed hardwood. Look like alficsols, but as we go down with depth, base saturation is DOWN, where as with alfisols it is up. A/E/Bt/C
Stage 8B. This soil would take more fertilizer because it needs more lyme to up Ph level. In S. Ozarks. |
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Lots of oxides of Iron and Aluminum. Thin/shallow. A/E/Bo... O stands for accumulation of recent oxides.
Oldest - Stage 9 - acid tolerant, Don't have any of these in continental IS. Are in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. These are the soils we have to learn to manage much better to be able to increase food production around the world. |
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| (invert) Unique physcial problems - been called churning soils or awallowing soils. Mix themselves up. LArge amounts of clay, a type of clay with higher shrink/swell capablilites. Has climatctic influence. Ultimate seasons of wetting and drying. When dry, calves hooves can get stuck in the cracks. When wet, it swells and churcns itself so not a lot of horizonation. Black OM churned into it. Typically prairies. Roiads can buckle under this soil. Excellent for lakes/ponds...not so good for environments. Wheat, Cotton, Native pastures/ranges. |
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| Found in Western U.S. Formed under arid conditions (lack of rainfall and leaching). Subsoils Bk --> carbonates; Bkm --> cemented (carbonates get very hard). By --> Gypsum; Bym --> cemented; sodium salts present, high native fertility, salts interfere with water uptake, ground water is poor quality, crop production where there's high quality water. |
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| - Odd, unique, photogenic. Sandy, acidic, develop in cool humid climate, acid vegetations, pines. A or O/E/Bh/Bs Subsoil is dark, often red in color. The E is white and ashy, well defined. Bh and Bs ... elluviation of oxides and organic matter. Crops must be acid tolerant like potatoes, limited usage. |
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| (aud - volcanic) - NW US, Alaska, weakly crystalline, amorphorous (gel-like), fairly high native fertility, low load bearing capcity, found in mountainous areas, fixes phosphourous, formed under forested vegetation. |
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| Frozen, permafrost, found in Canada and Alaska. Climactic marker, shrink, swell patterns (freezing and thawing), tundra vegetation, patterened ground effect, lower plant life. |
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is organic material.
(hestic - plant material) - Peate, undecomposed, extremely dark, preserve artifacts.
Mucks - well decomposed.
No horizonation, typically found in wet, swampy conditions, cool humid climate, found along Canadian border and Florida Everglades. Important in developing countires (peate), mined for potting soil, finite resource. Cultivation of the soil speeds up decompostition. |
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| - Entisols have little horizonation A/C |
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| Stratification represents ... |
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- Inceptisols form almost as rapidly as they erode
- very shallow, thin A, rocky |
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breadbasket soils of the world
- Can have E horizon, but rare |
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| - Alfisols dominant in... |
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| - Altisols look similar to ... |
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| alfisols, but have less native fertility |
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| Altisols tend to look ... |
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| red in color if they're well drained. |
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| CEC up, chemical buffering... |
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| cec up, fertility holding capacity... |
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| AL+++ >>Ca++>Mg++>>K+>Na+ |
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| Abundance of these at near neutral pH... |
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| As Ph goes down, AL+++, moves... |
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| Ability of a soil to attract and exchange anions. |
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| The ability or capacity of a soil to attract/exchange cations. |
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| Amount of substance needced to replace another. |
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| 6.023 x 10 to the 23 power |
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| Ph decreases, H ion activity |
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| -log[H+a] in soil solution |
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| At 0% BS, what do you expect soil pH to be? |
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| At 20% BS, what do you expect soil pH to be? |
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| At 50% BS, what do you expect soil pH to be? |
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| At 80% BS, what do you expect soil pH to be? |
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| At 100% BS, what do you expect soil pH to be? |
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| Any charged particle or molecule or element. |
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| 3-150 meq/100g, intermediate stability |
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| 150-300 meq/100g, least amount of stability. |
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| 0-8 meq/100g, most stability |
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