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Soil Orders
soil orders
14
Science
Undergraduate 2
05/04/2012

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Term
Group I Soils
Definition
Soils with well developed horizons or fully weathered minerals. This is from the adjustment to prevailing soil temperature and water conditions.
Term
Ultisols
Definition
Equatorial, tropical and subtropical zones
subsurface horizon: clay accumulation and low base status (argillic horizon)
Reddish to yellowish color
Characteristic Veg.: Forest
Term
Oxisols
Definition
Very old and weathered soils of low latitudes, very stable
subsurface horizon: accumulation of mineral oxides and a very low base status.
Characteristic Veg: Rainforest
lack distinct horizons except for darkened surface layers.
Term
Vertisols
Definition
Soils of subtropical and tropical soils w/ high clay content and a high base(Ca & Mg) status.
Develop deep, wide cracks when dry.
soil blocks formed by cracking move with respect to each other
Black in color
Grass and Savanna w/ pronounced dry season
Term
Alfisols
Definition
Humid and sub-humid climates
subsurface horizon: clay accum. high base status. Agrillic horizon (silicate clay minerals = Higher capacity to absorb minerals [Ca & Mg])
Range from equatorial to sub arctic latitude zones.
Grey brownish to reddish surface horizons
Surface is more pale due to eluviation
Term
Spodosols
Definition
Cold, moist climates
B horizon of illuviation and low base (highly acidic) status.(Spodic horizon, reddish in color)
E horizon bleached pale grey to white due to eluviation. (Podzol/albic horizon)
Boreal Forest/needle-leaf forest
Term
Mollisols
Definition
Semiarid and sub-humid mid latitude grasslands
Dark brown or black, Humus rich epipedon and a very high base status. (mollic Horizon)
High in Ca and very fertile
Term
Aridisols
Definition
Dry climates,low in organic matter
subsurface horizons of accumulation: carbonate material or soluble salts.
pale grey - pale red
Term
Group II Soils
Definition
Soils With large amounts of organic matter
Term
Histosols
Definition
Thick upper layer very rich in organic matter in very wet climates
accumulates in shallow ponds and lakes forming peat bogs
Term
Group III Soils
Definition
Soils with poorly developed horizons or no horizons
Capable of further mineral alteration.
Term
Entisols
Definition
Lacks horizons due to the recent accumulation of parent material.
Usually poor quality soil unless in warm, moist areas.
Term
Inceptisols
Definition
Weak horizon development
contains minerals that are capable of altering through weathering processes.
Term
Andisols
Definition
Weakly developed horizons
High proportion of glassy volcanic material/ash produced by erupting volcanoes
dark color
mostly fertile
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