Term
| What are acute and chronic injuries of soft tissue? |
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Definition
Acute:
- Sprain - injury to ligament, serious such as tearing ACL, Most common is the ankle, may feel a pop. 3 degrees. Pain, swelling, bruise
- Strain - muscle or tendon. Lower back or hamstring. Minimal inflammation, minimal swelling
Chronic - over-use |
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Term
| How are ligament tears treated? |
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Definition
Complete tears - surgery
Ice ASAP, then heat after 48 hours
Analgesics - high dose NSAIDs then taper
Immobalization/Compression - treats edema
ICE - Ice, compression, relaxation |
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Term
| What is the dose of tylenol for children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs are salicylates? |
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Definition
Doan's - Magnesium salicylate/benadryl
Trilisate/Choline Mg trisalicylate
Salasalate
Diflunisal
Weaker than ASA - less side effects. Usually buffered, can still cause ulcers.
Avoid in PUD, asthma, warfarin, pregnant, less than 18 |
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Term
| When should tylenol be avoided? |
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Definition
- Alcohol consumption
- Liver dysfunction, phenytoin
- high dose may increase warfarin concentrations |
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Term
| Which NSAIDs have the greatest risk of GI toxicity? |
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Definition
Fenoprofen
Indomethacin
Ketorolac
Oxaprozin
Piroxicam |
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Term
| How do Athletes have adverse Rxns with NSAIDs? |
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Definition
| Loading up on NSAIDs predisposes for hyponatremia. Do not take BEFORE doing an activity. |
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Term
| What is the black box warning on NSAIDs? |
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Definition
| Increase chance of heart attack or stroke. do not use right before or after CABG |
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Term
| What are some interactions of NSAIDs? |
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Definition
- Ibu + Dig --> inhibits clearance of dig
- Ibu + lithium --> increases lithium
- Ibu + BB, AceI, diuretics
- decreased clearance of MTX |
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Term
| Which NSAIDs are topical NSAIDs? |
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Definition
- Voltaren 1% gel - indicated for OA
- Flector 1.3 % patch - strains and sprains
- Pennsaid - in DMSO solvent
Good for elderly or hx of PUD. Concentrations in joints higher w/ topical as well as in tendon sheath. Reduces pain by 50% |
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Term
How is DMSO used?
What is ethyl chloride spray? |
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Definition
industrial grade not the same as Rx grade. Great anti-inflammatory, but causes liver disease
- Ethyl chloride - skin refrigerant, short acting |
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Term
| How should topical lidocaine NOT be used? |
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Definition
do not apply to a large area
do not apply to broken skin
Do not cover with heat |
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Term
| How are counterirritants used? |
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Definition
- Trolamine - no odor. In aspercreme. Counters severe pain w/ a less severe one.
- Camphor, menthol
Ideal ratio: 10% camphor, 16% menthol, 30% methyl salicylate. Bengay or tiger rub
- Capsaicin - usually says warming. Creams most popular. |
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