Term
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Definition
| travels through space in the form of a wave, but also interacts with matter like a particle. |
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Term
| Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) |
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Definition
| describes the comparative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as the oxygen effect, refers to the enhancement of the therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen. |
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Term
| What happens in direct action? |
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Definition
| During direct action, biologic damage occurs as a result of the ionization of atoms on essential molecules produced by an immediate interaction with the incident radiation. |
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Term
| What happens in indirect action? |
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Definition
| During this action, it is always a multistage process that first involves the production of free radicals that are usually created by the interaction of radiation and water molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation. |
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Term
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Definition
| It's when one of the chemical bonds are ruptured due to the transferred energy from the ionizing radiation interaction with a DNA macromolecule. |
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Term
| When does apoptosis occur? |
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Definition
| Apoptosis occurs in both healthy tissue and tumors. It's when a non-mitotic form of cell death that happens during interphase portion of the cell cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mitotic death occurs when a cell dies after one or more divisions. |
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Term
| Examples of radiosensitive cells |
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Definition
| Basal cells of the skin, blood cells such as lymphocytes and erythrocytes, reproductive cells, and intestinal crypt cells. |
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Term
| Examples of radioinsensitive cells |
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Definition
| Brain cells, muscle cells, and nerve cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are white blood cells that include cells with and without the small grains know as granules. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are platelets that initiate blood clotting or prevent hemorrhage. |
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Term
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Definition
| It stands for linear energy transfer and it is the average energy deposited per unit length of track by ionizing radiation as it passes through and interacts with a medium along its path. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stands for relative biologic effectiveness and it is a type of radiation used. |
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Term
| What two chromosome anomalies are observed at metaphase? |
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Definition
1. Chromosome aberrations
2. Chromatid aberrations |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents the loss or change of a base in the DNA chain. |
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Term
| How do damages occur to DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes through direct action? |
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Definition
| Damage to these molecules occur from the absorption of the energy through photoelectric and Compton interactions. |
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Term
| On what three levels are biologic damage stemming from exposure to ionizing radiation examined? |
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Definition
1. Molecular
2. Cellular
3. Organic systems |
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Term
| What is the use of the radiation weighting factor? |
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Definition
| It's employed to calculate the equivalent dose (EqD) to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage. |
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