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Definition
| scientific study of human behavior in the groups that makeup society |
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| word "sociology", social stability and change |
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communist manifesto, capitale,
"Bourgeoise-rich Proletariat-workers"
"workers unite"
workers would take over and throw rich |
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suicide,french founder, studied suicide,social interactions
wrote 1st sociology journal |
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| religion,countries,protestant ethic and spirit of capitalis, German |
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| Social Conflict theory/paradigm |
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Definition
emphacizes role of conflict and powers in society, inequality generates conflict and change
ex. age,race,ethnicity,or gender |
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| Structural Functional theory/paradigm |
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Definition
focuses on ways in which a complex pattern of social structures and arrangement contribute to social order
ex. crime is good-gives people jobs |
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| Symbolic interaction theory/paradigm |
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Definition
views social order and change as resulting from repeated interactions and symbols,live in world of symbols and attached meaning to define our validity
ex. white coat=doctor |
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| Macro level Approach vs. Micro Level Approach |
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Definition
macro- looking at things on a larger scale
micro- studies individual behavior |
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| Different types of observation |
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| "Tea Room Trade"- went in as a gay man to have anonymous sex. got imprisoned due to refusal to give up his documentations |
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| Situation defined as real is real in its consequences |
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| "beliefs, values, and/or material objects that are handed down from one generation to the next" |
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Definition
| ideas, norms, material culture |
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Definition
| socially shared ideas about what is important => values |
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| rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members |
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Definition
| things a society produces |
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Definition
folkways- norm that people apply with a considerable discretion (yes ma'm)
taboo/mores- norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance (incest,cannibalism) |
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| Acculturation vs. Assimilation |
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Definition
Acculturation- where people from one civilization incorporate norms and values from other cultures into their own (e.g.= salad-still has distint flavors)
Assimilation-process of which culturally distinct groups within a civilization adopt the norms values and language of the dominant group to gain equal access |
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Definition
| the practice of judging another culture by the standards of ones own |
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Definition
significant events that become part of a peoples culture
(9/11, Katrina, MLK) |
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| people perceive the world only in terms of the symbols contained in their language |
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Definition
| "the looking glass self" we perceive ourselves the way others perceive us imitation, symbolic interaction theory. |
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| Primary group vs. Secondary Group |
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Primary groups- family
Secondary groups- impersonal |
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Definition
socially defined position
achieved, ascribed, and master status |
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| behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status |
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| Role Conflict vs. Role Strain |
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| Role Conflict is incompatibility with two or more roles rather than one which is role strain |
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| ways we learn to conform to society |
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1st social scientist develeoped id, ego, super ego
*primary goal to get acceptance and attention from opposite sex parent |
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Definition
learned from conditioning
conditioning- shaping ones behavior as result from rewardss and punishments
ex. pavlov's dog |
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being isolated from society not having any interactions with the outside world
ex. genie |
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| disadvantages based on IQ and nothing else. Poor people are not smart, Criticism was that the IQ test was to measure intelligence biased to the culture and middle class ** there is no correlation with poor and dumb |
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| self is a social product. Prepatory, play and game stages |
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Definition
human cognition how people learn and understand. 4 stages
sensory motor stage
preopperational
concrete opperational
formal opperational |
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| Agencies of Socialization |
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Definition
| family, school, community, peer groups, |
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| setting in which individuals are isolated from society and manipulated by an administrative staff |
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8 stages
infancy, toddlerhood, preschool, pre adolescence, adolescence, young adult, middle adult, old age |
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| studied how gender shapes moral development. girls more sympathetic |
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Definition
| radically alter a persons personality by carefully controlling the environment. erode existing identity and build a new one through rewards and punishments |
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