Term
|
Definition
| sum of shared ideas, practices, and material objects that people create to deal with real life problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that carries a particular meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ideas about right and wrong, good and bad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of symbols strung together to communicate thought |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consumed mainly by upper classes Ex: opera, ballet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of tools and techniques that enable people to get tasks accomplished EX: cars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symbols, norms and nontangible elements of culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of distinctive values, norms, and practices with in a larger culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peoples way of life that directly challenges or conflicts with dominant culture Ex: hippies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorientation caused by coming into contact with a different culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to judge other cultures as inferior to one's own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all cultures have equal value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewards and punishments intended to ensure conformity to cultural guidelines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strongest norms (generally accepted ways) EX: murder, incest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| norms most people believe are essential for survival of group or society EX: theft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| least important norms EX: jaywalking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hereditary or biological forces determine our behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social forces determine our behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which people learn their culture/behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consist of ideas and attitudes about who you are |
|
|
Term
| Psychological view of snese of self (sigmund freud) |
|
Definition
ID-part of self that demands immediate gratification
Superego: repository of cultural standards (personal conscience)
Ego: Balances the conflicting needs of the ID and superego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Charles Cooley
-feelings about who we are depend largely on how we see ourselves evaluated by others through interactions w/ them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-George Herbert Mead
-I: subjective and impulsive aspect of self is present from birth (ID)
-Me: objective, social component of the self (superego) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-specific sites or groups that carry out socialization
4 main ones:
family (primary)
school (secondary)
peer groups
media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learn new and different responsibilities/values associated with new and different status EX:getting married |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| settings where people are isolated from larger society and under strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff EX: prison |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves verbal and nonverbal communication b/w people acting and reacting to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a position you occupy in society EX: student |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most influential position in shaping one's life at a given time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entire group of statuses occupied by an individual EX: student, daughter, sister, girlfriend, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary status EX: daughter, female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voluntary status EX: girlfriend, student |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sets of expected behaviors associated with statuses EX: Student-come to class,study,etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of roles attached to a single status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 or more statuses held at same time, place contradictory role demands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incompatable role demands are placed on a single status (as a student, have to go to class but have study session at same time) |
|
|
Term
| Theories of social interaction (5) |
|
Definition
Exchange theory
Rational choice theory
dramaturgical analysis (symbolic interactionism)
ethno methodology
conflict theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exchange of valued resources, info, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maximization of gains and minimization of losses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impression management (role playing, appear to be the best) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influence of preexisting norms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statuses are arranged in hierarchies during social interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| violation of social norms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deviance that is against the law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social power, labeling, establishing & breaking norms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crimes disproportionally committed by people from lower classes (Ex: arson, burglary) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| illigal act committed by respectable high-status person in course of work. |
|
|
Term
| Why white-collar crime is costlier |
|
Definition
Easy to get away with because:
It's private
hard to detect
have resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Functional approach
strain theory
subculture theory
learning theory
labeling theory
control theory
conflict theory |
|
|
Term
| Functional approach of crime |
|
Definition
Deviance helps:
clarify moral boundaries
promote social solidarity
encourage healthy social changes |
|
|
Term
| Strain theory of crime: Merton |
|
Definition
people turn to deviance when they experience strain
(where someone doesnt have enough legitimate opportunities to live up to the culture values of material success) |
|
|
Term
| Conformist (strain theory) |
|
Definition
| accept cultural goals & use legit means to accomplish them |
|
|
Term
| Innovator (strain theory) |
|
Definition
| accept cultural goals but accomplish goals by illegit means (criminals) |
|
|
Term
| retreatist (strain theory) |
|
Definition
| Reject cultural goals and means (drug addicts) |
|
|
Term
| ritualist (strain theory) |
|
Definition
| reject goals, but accept means (monks) Want to succeed but not because of cultural standards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creates new goals and new means |
|
|
Term
| Subcultural theory of crime |
|
Definition
| follow rules/norms of a subculture such as a gang |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person learns to favor deviant or nondeviant lifestyles as a result of their environment or socialization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deviance results not from the actions, but from response of others, who label the rule breaker a deviant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewards of deviance and crime are many; nearly everyone would engage in deviance and crime if they could get away with it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deviance and crime arise out of conflict b/w powerful and powerless |
|
|
