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| the total value of money and other assets, minus outstanding debts. |
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| earnings from work or investments |
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| a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality |
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only exists when several companies overwhelmingly control an entire industry.
Examples: Soda, Gas, Cable, Cellphone, Auto, Grocery Stores, etc. |
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| a lack of resources that is life threatening |
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| the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more. |
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| The cultural heritage or identity of a group based on favors such as language or country of origin. Common Nationality |
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Physical Characteristics
Arrest rates for violent crime and property crime are highest for people between the ages of 13 and 25. |
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When you judge a group of people who are different than you
Men - Strong, rational, dominant, independent, less concerned with appearance
Women - weak, emotional, nurturing, dependent, anxious about appearance. |
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| is the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. (Hitler, WWII) |
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| Persons in whom sexual differentiation is ambiguous or incomplete. Someone who is born with (both sex characteristics). |
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is the subordination of one sex based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.
Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex. |
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Inequalities, differences, segregation, or conflict between age groups.
Unequal distribution of scarce resources based on one's age (All ages, not just elders) |
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| Refers to physical abuse, psychological abuse, financial exploitation, and medical abuse or neglect of people aged 65 or older. |
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is the study of the social (nonphysical) aspects of aging, including such topics as the societal consequences of an (aging population) and the (personal experience) of aging.
Physical, Mental, Social Changes of Society |
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| The social institution that ensures the maintenance of society through the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. |
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are tangible objects that are necessary (such as food, clothing, and shelter) or desired (such as DVDs and electric toothbrushes)
Something you can touch |
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are intangible activities for which people are willing to pay (such as dry cleaning, education, a movie, or medical care) Tertiary Economy
Something you can do
(Tertiary, Secondary, Primary Economy) |
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A group of employees who join together to bargain with an employer or a group of employers over wages, benefits, and working conditions.
* The American Federation of Labor (AFL), founded in 1886, targeted groups of skilled workers such as plumbers and carpenters; each of these craft unions maintained autonomy under the “umbrella” of the AFL. |
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an organization whose purpose is to gain and hold legitimate control of government.
*Develop and articulate policy positions.
*Educate voters about issues and simplify the choices for them.
*Recruit candidates, help them win office, hold them responsible for implementing the party’s positions. |
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power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience.
Examples: Martin Luther King, Jr
Steve Jobs, Winston Churchhill |
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is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.
A certain way of living passed on to kin (Children) Traits that are taught |
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belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for all people.
of, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. |
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| Same sex relationship (most often used with males who prefer same-sex relationships.) |
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Refers to preference for emotional – sexual relationships with:
*The opposite sex – heterosexuality
*The same sex – homosexuality
*Both sexes – bisexual |
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refers to culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with “femininity” and “masculinity.”
Cultural Differences |
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refers to the biological and anatomical differences between males and females.
Biological Differences |
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an important aging trend studied by sociologists. Three factors: (Aging Nation)
*Birth Rate
*Death Rate
*Life Expectancy |
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| is the average number of years that a group of people born in the same year could expect to live. (Chapter 18) Refers to an estimate of the average lifetime of people born in a specific year. |
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| (See Services) the part of the economy that involves services rather than goods. |
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| higher-prestige jobs that involve mostly mental activity. Example: Accounting |
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| lower-prestige jobs that involve mostly manual labor. Example: Construction |
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| refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption. (Children) |
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| is a marriage between 2 partners, usually a woman and a man. |
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| a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are "controlled by men". |
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| a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are "controlled by women". |
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| is the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of "knowledge, skills, and cultural values" within a formally organized structure. |
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students perform according to expectations of teachers.
*Girls learn to attribute success to effort.
*Boys learn to attribute success to intelligence.
Can be negative or positive - originally false expectation that becomes true
Example: Feeling like you won't ever understand your new job but after time goes by you know more than you knew before. |
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| is any activity intended to improve health. |
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long term or lifelong and that develop gradually or are present from birth.
Life Long |
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strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death.
There is a beginning and an end |
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| is any substance, other than food and water that, when taken into the body, alters its functions in some way. |
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| a condition in which a person has a severe mental disorder requiring extensive treatment with medication, psychotherapy, and sometimes hospitalization. |
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