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| methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that is already in or can be converted to numeric forms. |
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| approaches that social scientists use for investigating the answers to questions. |
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| methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form. |
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| research approach that starts with a theory, forms a hypothesis, makes empirical observations, and then analyzes the data to confirm, reject or modify the original theory. |
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| research approach that starts with empirical observations and then works to form a theory. |
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| Correlation (or association) |
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| simultaneous variation in two variables (does NOT mean one is a cause of another) |
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| the notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in another. |
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| situation in which the researcher believes that A results in a change in B, but in fact, B is causing A. |
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| the outcome that the researchers is trying to explain |
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| a measured factor that the researcher believes has a causal impact on the dependent variable. |
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| proposed relationship between two variables. |
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| process of assigning a precise method for measuring a term being examined for use in a particular study. |
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| extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure. |
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| likelihood of obtaining consistent results using the same measure. |
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| extent to which we can claim out findings inform us about a group larger than the one we studied. |
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| simulated treatment given to a control group in an experimental study to factor out the effect of merely being in an experiment from the effect of the actual treatment under consideration. |
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| an experimental study where neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is in the treatment group and who is in the control (placebo) group. |
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| analyzing and critically considering our own role in,and effect on, our research. |
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| set of systems or methods that treat women's experiences as legitimate empirical and theoretical resources, that promote social science for women and that take into account the researcher as much as the overt subject matter. |
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| qualitative research method that seeks to uncover the meanings people give their behavior by observing social actions in practice. |
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| ordered series of questions intended to elicit information from respondents. |
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| research that collects data from written reports, newspaper articles, journals, transcripts, television programs, diaries, artwork,and other artifacts that date to a prior time period under study. |
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| methodology by which two or more entities (such as countries), which are similar in many dimensions but differ on one in question, are compared to learn about the dimension that differs between them. |
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| methods that seek to alter the social landscape in a very specific way for for a given sample of individuals and then track what results that change yields; often involve comparisons to a control group that did not experience such an intervention. |
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| systematic analysis of the content rather than the structure of a communication, such as a written work, speech or film. |
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| practice of sociological research, teaching and service that seeks to engage a wide audience for a normative, productive end. |
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