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| What is the study of the social world around us; a scientific study of the social causes and consequences of human behavior |
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| What are the corners in life (ex. jobs, income, education, gender, age race/ethnicity, etc) referred to as? |
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| What is "finding the general in particular"; requires an ability to think about things in a manner other than that which many individuals are accustomed; to use the sociological imagination |
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| the sociological perspective |
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| what is the ability to connect one's personal experiences to society at large and greater historical forces; "make the familiar strange" or to question habits or customs that seem "natural" to us |
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| Who believed that sociology was "the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces"; also defined history as location in a broad stream of events, and biography as an individual's specific experiences |
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| What type of analysis focuses on larger society to explain individual interaction? |
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| What type of analysis focuses on individuals and interactions to explain larger society? |
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| What theory suggests inter dependency (that society is a living organism), cooperation and consensus, and equilibrium? |
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| Who expanded the understanding of social function; pointed out that any social structure probably has many functions, and distinguished between manifest functions and latent functions |
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| What term describes applying the scientific method to the social world? |
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| Who coined the term "sociology", and developed the 3 stages of historical development? |
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| What theory states that there is competition for scarce resources, and organization of society is functional? |
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| the social conflict theory |
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| What is the use of sociology to solve problems - from the micro level of classroom interaction and family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution? |
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| What is the extensive interconnections among nations due to the expansion of capitalism? |
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| What are the intellectual and academic disciplines designed to comprehend, explain, and predict events in our natural environments? |
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| What is the use of objective, systematic observations to test theories? |
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| What is Durkheim's term for a group's patterns of behavior? |
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| What is the degree to which members of a group or society feel united by shared values and other social bonds? |
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| What term describes what people do when they are in one another's presence; includes communications at a distance? |
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| What are the intellectual and academic disciplines designed to understand the social world objectively by means of controlled and repeated observations |
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| What is a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another |
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| What is a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another |
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| What is the view that a sociologist's personal values or biases should not influence social research? |
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| What are the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly |
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| What is the German word used by Weber that is perhaps best understood as "to have insight into someone's situation"? |
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| What is a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture? |
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| What is the spread of cultural traits from one group to another; includes both material and nonmaterial cultural traits |
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| What is Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations? |
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| What term describes not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms |
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| What is the language. beliefs, values, norms, behaviors and even material objects that characterize a group and are passed from on generation to the next |
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| What is the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for granted assumptions about life |
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| What is a value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group? |
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| What is the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors |
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| What are norms that are not strictly enforced called? |
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| What is a people's idea values and norms; the goals held out for them? |
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| What are the norms and values that people actually follow called; as opposed to their value goals |
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| What are the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another? |
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| What is a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought |
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| What term describes the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing and jewelry |
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| What are the norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well-being of the group |
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| What is an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prize or a prison sentence |
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| What is a group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction); also called symbolic culture |
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| What are expectations, or rules of behavior |
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| What is a society made up of many different groups? |
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| What is a reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a material reward? |
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| What are either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them? |
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| What hypothesis states that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving? |
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Definition
| The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
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Term
| What is the framework of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considers biological factors to be a fundamental cause of human behavior? |
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Term
| What are the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world? |
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| What is something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others? |
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Term
| What is something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others? |
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| What is another term for nonmaterial culture? |
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| What is a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated |
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| What are values that together form a larger whole? |
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| What are values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other |
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| What are people or groups that affect our self-concept, ,attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life? |
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| What is the process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status? |
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Definition
| anticipatory socialization |
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Term
| What is the term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone's self by stripping away that individual's self identity and stamping a new identity in its place? |
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Term
| What is Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society? |
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| What are children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans called? |
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| What are the behaviors and attitudes that a society considered proper for its males and females; masculinity and femininity |
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| What are the behaviors and attitudes expected of people because they are female or male? |
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| What are the ways in which society sets children on different paths in life because they are male or female? |
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| What are the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people "in general"' the child's ability to take the role of this is a significant step in the development of a self. |
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Term
| What is Freud's term for our inborn basic drive? |
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| What are unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions? |
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Term
| What are the stages of our life as we go from birth to death? |
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| What is the term coined by Charles Horton Colly to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us? |
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| What are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions? |
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| What are forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences? |
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| What is a group of individuals, often of roughly the same age, who are linked by common interests and orientations? |
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| What is the unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves "from the outside"; the views we internalize of how others see us |
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| What is an individual called who significantly influences someone else's life? |
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| What is the entire human environment called, including interaction with others? |
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| What is a social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others? |
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| What is the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group - the behaviors, knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms and other orientations thought appropriate for them? |
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Term
| What is Freud's term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups? |
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| What is putting oneself in someone else's shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks and thus anticipating how that person will act? |
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Definition
| taking the role of the other |
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Term
| What are the behaviors, obligations and privileges attached to a status? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes and behaviors? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them? |
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Term
| What is an intensive analysis of a single event, situation or individual? |
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Term
| What is the subject in an experiment who is not exposed to the independent variable? |
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Definition
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| What is the factor in an experiment that is changed by an independent variable? |
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| What is the use of control and experimental groups and dependent and independent variables to test causation? |
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| What is the group of subjects in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable? |
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Term
| What is the statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory? |
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Term
| What is the factor that causes a change in another variable, called the dependent variable? |
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| What is direct questioning of respondents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the effects that interviewers have on respondents that lead to biased answers called? |
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Definition
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| What are questions that respondents answer in their own words called? |
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Term
| What is the way in which a researcher measures a variable? |
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| What is research in which the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening in that setting? |
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Term
| What is the target group to be studied called? |
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Definition
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| What are a list of questions to be asked of respondents? |
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| What is a sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study? |
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| What is the extent to which research produces consistent or dependable results? |
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| What are the seven procedures called that sociologists use to collect data; surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis, documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures? |
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Term
| What are the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied? |
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| What is the analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers? |
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Definition
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| What is the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions called? |
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Term
| What is the extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure? |
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Term
| What is a factor thought to be significant for human behavior, which can vary (or change) from one case to another? |
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Term
| Who developed the idea of the looking glass self, and argued that a sense of self grows out of interaction with others? |
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Term
| Who believed that the self is a combination of two parts ( I and ME)? |
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Term
| Which part of the "self" is the spontaneous, creative and impulsive side (unsocialized) |
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| Which part of the "self" is the socialized self, concerned with others' perceptions; operates to control our impulses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do these things have in common: achievement and success, individualism, hard work, efficiency and practicality, science and technology, material comfort, freedom, democracy, romantic love, religiosity, education, equality and group superiority |
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| Who developed the Dramaturgical model? |
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