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| examines how social context can influence people's lives; especially in relation to broader social context |
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| the group memberships that ppl have because of their location in history and society
ex. jobs, income, gender, education, race |
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| the study of society and human behavior |
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| the intellectual and academic disciplines designed to understand the social world objectively by means of controlled and repeated observations |
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| the application of the scientific approach to the social world |
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| father of sociology(coined the term) began to analyze the bases of the social order. stressed that the scientific method should be applied to the study of society |
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| sometimes called the second founder of sociology, coined the term "survival of the fittest." = social darwinism |
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| believed that the roots of human misery lay in class conflict. the haves (bourgeoisie) and have-nots (proletariat) are in constant struggle and have-nots overcoming haves is inevitable and necessary |
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| Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and workers |
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| the degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared values and together social bonds; also known as social cohesion |
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| functionalist. contributed the identification of social integration as a key role in society and worked to make sociology a taught academic discipline. how does social integration relate to suicide rates? |
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| symbolic interactionism? used cross-cultural and historical materials to trace the causes of social change |
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| the view that a sociologist's personal values or biases should not influence social research (weber created ideal) |
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| the standards by which ppl define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly |
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| a German word meaning "to understand" used by Weber that is perhaps best understood as "to have insight into someone's situation" |
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| the meanings that ppl give their own behavior |
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term Durkhiem used meaning the patterns of behavior that characterize a social group
ex. June is the most popular month for weddings |
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| a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another |
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| a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed to symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another |
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| theory that views society as a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together; when fulfilled, contribute to society's equilibrium; also known as functionalism/structural functionalism |
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| intended to help some part of a system |
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| unintended positive consequence that helps a system |
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| unintended negative consequence that injures a certain system |
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| idea that in each society, some small group controls the means of production and exploits those who are not in control; constant competition for scarce resources |
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an examination of large-scale patterns of society
(often explored by functionalists and conflict theorists) |
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an examination of small-scale patterns of society
(often explored by symbolic interactionists) |
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what ppl do when they are in one another's presence
(often explored by symbolic interactionists) |
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