Term
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Definition
| the use of sociology to solve problems - form the micro level of family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution(p.12) |
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Term
| basic (or pure) sociology |
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Definition
| sociological research whose purpose is to make discoveries about life in human groups, not to make changes in those groups.(p12) |
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Term
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Definition
| Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and workers. (p.6) |
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Term
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Definition
| questions followed by a list of possible answers to be selected by the respondent(p.25) |
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Term
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Definition
| a theretical framework in which society is viewed as being composed of groups competing for scarce resources (p.18) |
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Term
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Definition
| the group of subjects not exposed to the independent variable (p.28) |
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Term
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Definition
| a factor that is changed by an independent variable (p.28) |
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Term
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Definition
| in its narrow sense, written sources that provide data; in its extened sense, archival material of any sort, including photographs, movies, and so on (p.28) |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of control groups and exerimental groups and dependent and independent variables to test causation (p.28) |
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Term
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Definition
| the group of subjects exposed to the independent variable (p.28) |
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Term
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Definition
| a theoretical framwork in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society's equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism (p.16) |
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Term
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Definition
| a statment of the expected relationship between variables according to predictions of a theory (p.20) |
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Term
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Definition
| a factor that causes a change in another variable, called the dependent variable (p.28) |
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Term
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Definition
| an examination of large-scale patterns of society (p.19) |
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Term
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Definition
| an examination of small-scale patterns of society (p.19) |
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Term
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Definition
| communication without words through gestures, spaces, silence, and so on. (p.19) |
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Term
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Definition
| total neutrality in research to avoid biased findings (p.31) |
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Term
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Definition
| questions that respondents are able to answer in their own words (p.25) |
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Term
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Definition
| the way in which variables in a hypothesis are measured (p.20) |
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Term
| Participant observation (or fieldwork) |
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Definition
| research in which the researcher participates in a reasearch setting while observing what is happening in that setting (p.27) |
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Term
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Definition
| The target group to be studied (p.24) |
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Term
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Definition
| the application of the scientific method to the social world (p.5) |
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Term
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Definition
| a sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chances of being included in the study (p.25) |
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Term
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Definition
| a felling of trust sociologist try to establish with respondents (p.21) |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which data produce consistent results (p.21) |
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Term
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Definition
repeation a study in order to test its findings
(p.31) |
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Term
| reasearch method (or research design) |
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Definition
| one of six procedures sociologists use to collect data: surveys, participant observation, secondary analysis, documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures (p.20) |
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Term
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Definition
| people who respond to a survey, either in interviews or by self-administered questionnaires (p. 20) |
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Term
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Definition
| the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied (p.25) |
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Term
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Definition
| requires the development of theories that can be tested by research (p.5) |
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Term
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Definition
| using objective, systematic observation to test theories (p.5) |
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Term
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Definition
| the analysis of data already collected by other researchers (p.28) |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which people feel a part of social groups (p.7) |
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Term
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Definition
| what people do when they are in one another's presence (p.19) |
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Term
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Definition
| the group menberships that peoplehave because of their location in history and society (p.4) |
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Term
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Definition
| people who share a culture and a terriory (p.4) |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context (p.4) |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of human behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a sample that is randomly selected from certain subgroups using random numbers (p.25) |
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Term
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Definition
| the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions (p.24) |
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Term
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Definition
| a theroretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people ise to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another (p.15) |
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Term
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Definition
| a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another (p.14) |
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Term
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Definition
| ways of observing people who do not know they are being studied (p.29) |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which an operational definition measures what was intended (p.21) |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that a sociologist's personal values or biases shoud not infulence social research (p.30) |
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Term
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Definition
| the standards by which people define what is desiracle or indesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly (p.31) |
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Term
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Definition
| factors thought to be significant for behavior, which vary from one case to another (p.20) |
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