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Definition
| the study of human society |
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| coined the term "sociology" |
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| a way of understanding based on science |
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| a statement of how and why specific facts are related |
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| a basic way of thinking about society |
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| sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and integrity |
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| Type of Function; Primary purpose |
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| Type of Function; Unintended or unrecognized consequences |
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| sees society as an arena that generates conflict and change; rejects the idea that social structure benefits society as a whole; helps some get ahead while others fall behind |
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| sees society as a product of the everyday interactions; people attach meaning to everything |
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| A research method; a "rich" method; face to face; becoming apart of the research |
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| Research Method; info can be statistically manipulated; Surveys, Experiments, Secondary Analysis. |
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| type of data; data that is a label. sex, race, etc. |
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| type of data; data measured by rank |
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| type of data; data that has equal intervals |
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| type of data; has an absolute zero value |
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| variable manipulated or changed to see how it affects another variable |
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| does not effect the dependent variable, but does influence the outcome |
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Definition
| values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together form a people's way of life; a shared way of life |
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| people who interact in a defined territory and shared culture |
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| a component of culture; anything that carries a shared meaning |
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| a component of culture; symbols allowing people to communicate |
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| a component of culture; culturally defined standards and serve as guidelines to social living |
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| a component of culture; specific statements about what people hold true |
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| A component of culture; rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members |
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| a component of culture; defines what is acceptable or desirable |
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| a component of culture; defines what is not acceptable or desirable |
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Definition
| over time, guidelines as to acceptable behavior becomes established and looked upon as tradition |
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Definition
| a part of society, sue to its inherent power within society, imposes its guidelines in order to control the powerless |
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Definition
| type of norm; less strict norms that are typically not as severely sanctioned for violation |
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| type of norm; codified norms that usually have sanctions that are set out in writing |
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| a component of culture; material goods unique to a culture |
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| cultural changer; creation of new cultural elements |
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| cultural changer; understanding something already in existence |
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| cultural changer; adopting cultural aspects from another culture |
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Definition
| culture concept; one aspect of cultural change provoking change in another culture |
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Definition
| culture concept; elements not changing or evolving on an equal time line |
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Definition
| cultural concept; having cultural patterns separate from mainstream society |
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Definition
| culture concepts; cultural patterns that strongly oppose mainstream society |
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Definition
| cultural concept; evaluating another culture by the standards of ones own culture |
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Definition
| culture concept; evaluating another culture by its own standards |
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Definition
| the internationalization and adherence of societal expectations and guidelines |
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Definition
| Nature v. Nurture; Harlow believed nurture is better |
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Definition
| impulsive, pleasure seeking |
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Definition
| the restraining device of personality elements |
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Definition
| regulates the Id and Super Ego |
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| absorbing new information by its similarities to old information and fitting it into previously established numbers |
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| adjusting to new information by establishing new cognitive structures |
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Definition
agent of socialization; Greatest impact of all agents; develops child sense of self
goals: teaching skills, values, and beliefs |
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| agent of socialization; first encounter with beauracracy; begins to learn gender roles |
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Definition
| agent of socialization; members have age, social interest, and and social position in common;able to participate in activities they may not want to share with a parent. |
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| agent of socialization; impersonal communication aimed at a vast audience |
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Definition
| a social position that an individual occupies; merely labels, not positive or negative |
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Definition
| accumulation of all the statuses that one person holds at a given time |
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Definition
| type of status; born with or receives involuntarily later in life |
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| Where a person derives most of his/her social identity |
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| Behavior expected of someone who holds particular status |
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| a number of roles that attach to a single status |
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Definition
| conflict between two roles corresponding to two or more statuses |
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Definition
| tension between two roles within a single status |
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Definition
| process by which people disengage from important social roles |
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Definition
| individuals efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others |
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Definition
| using body movement, gestures, and facial expressions to convey info |
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Definition
| two or more people that identify and interact with each other |
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Definition
| small personal group whose members share personal and enduring relationships |
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Term
| Primary Group Characteristics |
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Definition
Strong emotional ties
Personal orientation
Usually long term
Involving many varied activities |
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Term
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Definition
| Large and impersonal group whose members pursue a specific goal |
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Term
| Secondary Group Characteristics |
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Definition
Goal Oriented
Often short termed
Usually involve few activities
Seen as means to an end |
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Term
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Definition
| type of leadership; emphasizes the completion of tasks |
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Definition
| type of leadership; focuses on collective well-being of the group |
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Definition
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| makes all decisions and keeps subordinates in line |
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| considers input from others decision making |
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| French- "To leave alone." Allows group to function on its own. Least effective |
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Definition
a social group with two members; requires a lot of energy; intense in nature
EX: marriage |
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Definition
| organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
| Char. of Bureau; individuals are assigned to highly specific groups |
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Definition
| Char. of Bureau; clearly defined rankings |
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Term
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Definition
| Char. of Bureau; clearly defined written norms that govern the organization |
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Definition
| Char. of Bureau; recruitment is based on ability |
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Term
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| Char. of Bureau; rules placed above all else so that all are treated equally |
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Term
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Definition
| Char. of Bureau; written communication, very little face to face; |
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Term
| Primary Sex Characteristics |
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Definition
| Genitals and organs used for reproduction. Determined in conception |
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Term
| Secondary Sex Characteristics |
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Definition
| bodily development, apart from sex organs, that distinguish men and women |
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Definition
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Definition
| Deviance is learned like conformity is learned. |
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