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| Sociology is not about people but about... |
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| What happens when people get together |
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| What happens when people get together |
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| What happens when people get together |
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| Cannot be reduced to the sum of individuals |
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| Causes people to act in a collectively in a way that they wouldn't on their own |
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| Social Action or Collective Effervescence |
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| Our identity derived by others and who we are not |
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| Seven units of sociological analysis |
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| Self, Face-to-Face, Large Groups, Organizations, Institutions, Culture, Society |
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| Small groups like family or friendships |
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| Latinos, Americans, Women, Catholics |
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| Has an identifiable membership that acts collectively for a common purpose |
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| A set of ideas on how to achieve a social task with designated roles and behaviors |
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| "There is a way to do _____" |
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| A set of meanings people draw differentially from |
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| Entire systems composed of units 1-6 |
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| Descriptive vs. Normative |
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| Empirical vs. Speculative |
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| Increased agricultural production |
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| Led to an increase in population |
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| Primary countries of the industrial revolution |
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| Results of an increase in food |
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| Increase in Population, Urbanization |
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| Radically different than life in rural areas |
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| Replaced religion as far as understanding the world |
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| Began in an attempt to understand the massive social change during the political upheavals |
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| Coined the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft |
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| Studied rural and urban areas and the new conditions in urban areas |
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| High density of social ties |
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| Low density of social ties |
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| Social cohesion due to similarities |
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| Social cohesion is due to interdependent differences |
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| Depends on our surroundings |
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| Two beings within man's personality |
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| Social Side, Identity Side |
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1. Symbols
2. Socially prescribed obligations
3. Altruism |
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1. Physical
2. Spontaneous desires
3. Egoism |
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| Animal Side or Individual Side or Identity Side |
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| The side of man's personality that is similar and collective to society |
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| The side of man's personality that is private and individualistic |
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| Integrate individuals into the collective body |
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| Four criteria for social facts |
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| Objective, External to an Individual, Exert Influence on Individuals, Measurable |
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| Shouldn't depend on who's doing the study |
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| Turned suicide into a social fact by measuring suicide rates |
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| The problem of drawing conclusions about individuals with data on groups |
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| Charts referring to the number of people in each category and how they are spread across the population |
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| two most common ways for sociologists of dividing the population |
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| Even more unequally distributed than income |
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| Something that is given by others |
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| The most common way to determine status |
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| Everyone should have an equal starting point |
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| Everyone ends up with the same result |
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| Everyone is equal in the eyes of God |
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| Thought all inequality could be explained by an individual's relations to the means of production |
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| Owns means of production and buy labor people |
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| Own means of production but aren't large scale enough so use family labor |
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| Don't own means of production or buy labor |
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| The system of upper, middle, and working class |
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| The idea that social relations define class in the Marxist theory |
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| Rests on the basis of the owner worker structure |
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| "Religion is the opiate of the masses" |
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| Serve as a significant socializing function |
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| "The state is the executive committee of the bourgeoisie" |
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| A relationship where well being of one party depends on lower well being of another |
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| "Bourgeoisie produce their own grave diggers" |
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| The five steps of capitalism turning into communism |
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1. Impoverishness of Working Class
2. Proletarianization
3. Global Spread of Capitalism
4. Growing Class Consciousness and Class Organization
5. Revolution |
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| More and more people selling their labor |
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| Proletarianization of Society |
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| Global Spread of Capitalism |
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| The idea that national boundaries will become less important than class boundaries |
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| Global Spread of Capitalism |
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| The idea that the proletariat will reappropriate away from the bourgeoisie resulting in communism |
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| "Workers of the world unite" |
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| Those at the highest levels of government, military, business, etc. |
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| Develops its own interests distinct from the social groups it's supposed to represent |
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| Originated the idea of social mobility and life chances |
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| Three steps of a functionalist analysis |
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1. Identify the Feature that is to be Explained
2. Identify Some Relevant Potential Threat
3. Identify the Mechanism by which the Target Feature Preserves the System |
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| Explains the working of the pat in reference to the whole system |
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| Three ways of allocating positions and rewards |
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1. Inheritance
2. Merit
3. Chance |
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| Davis and Moore's threat to the system |
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