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Definition
| A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. |
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| A social position "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics, e.g. given when they are born, the Queen was born to rule. |
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| Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production. |
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Definition
| An economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. |
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| An enumeration, or counting, of a population. |
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Definition
| A term used by Max Weber to refer to a group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income. |
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Definition
| In Karl Marx's view, a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change. |
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Definition
| A social system in which there is little or no possibility of individual mobility. |
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Definition
| A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups. |
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Definition
| The systematic coding and objective recording of data, guided by some rationale. |
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Term
| Correspondence principle. |
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Definition
| A term used by Bowles and Gintis to refer to the tendency of schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the types of jobs typically held by members of their class. |
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Definition
| A view of social interaction, popularized by Erving Goffman, under which people are examined as if they were theatrical performers. |
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Definition
| An element or a process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. |
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Definition
| A term used by Karl Marx to describe an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective position. |
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Definition
| Expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. |
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Definition
| An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity. |
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Definition
| The unintended influence that observers or experiments can have on their subjects. |
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Definition
| A term used by Erving Goffman to refer to the altering of the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. |
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Term
| Interactionist perspective. |
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Definition
| A sociological approach that generalizes about fundamental or everyday forms of social interaction. |
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Term
| Intergenerational mobility. |
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Definition
| Changes in the social position of children relative to their parents. |
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Term
| Intragenerational mobility. |
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Definition
| Changes in a person's social position within his or her adult life. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change. |
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Definition
| A social system in which the position of each individual is influenced by his or her achieved status. |
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Definition
| A society in which men dominate family decision making. |
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Definition
| Karl Marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society |
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Definition
| A concentration, as of groups, forces, or interests, about two conflicting or contrasting positions. |
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Definition
| Idea of the middle-class becoming absorbed into the working class (Marx's theory.) |
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Definition
| Act of making someone poor. |
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Definition
| Research that relies on what is seen in the field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data. |
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Term
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Definition
| Research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sample for which every member of the entire population has the same chance of being selected. |
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Definition
| A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate for individuals as members of a particular culture. |
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Definition
| Movement of individuals or groups from one position of a society's stratification system to another. |
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Definition
| A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society |
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Term
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Definition
| Long-term poor people who lack training and skills and who are dependent on the state's financial support to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a person from one social position to another of a different rank. |
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