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| A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others |
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| People who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination |
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| An economic system built around the private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit,, and market competition |
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| Max Webers Theory of Social Class |
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| An individuals PROPERTY, POWER, and PRESTIGE affect a persons life chances and therefore their shot at "The Good Things in life". Also used to stratify, more PROPERTY, POWER and PRESTIGE |
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| The invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels at work |
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| A group sharing distinctive cultural characteristics |
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| A group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups |
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| An attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way |
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| An act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or group |
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| Seeing certain features of an object or situation but remaining blind to others |
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| Marx Theory of Social Class |
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Class is stratified into three different classes:
1) Capitalists or Bourgeoisie - Own the means of production and purchase the labor power of others
2) Workers, or proletariat, do not own any means of production or the ability to purchase the labor power of others. Rather, they sell their own labor power
CLASS IS DETERMINED BY PROPERTY RELATIONS NOT BY INCOME OR STATUS |
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| company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law |
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-Traditional Authority: Power legitimized by respect for long-established cultural patterns
-Rational-Legal: Also known as bureaucratic authority, is when power is legitimized by legally enacted rules and regulations such as governments
-Charismatic: Power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience |
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-Direct Democracy: Where people govern directly
-Indirect (representative) Democracy: Where people elect representatives who govern
The US Is an INDIRECT DEMOCRACTIC REPUBLIC with a WINNER TAKES ALL system |
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| a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution |
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| Political action committees are organizations that pool campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation |
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-Nuclear Family: A couple and their children, regarded as a basic social unit
-Extended Family: Any family beyond the nuclear family |
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| We typically choose people from reference groups that most closely align with the reference groups we subscribe to |
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| SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST: They say everything in society is a symbol that has a meaning and we form that meaning based off our interactions, they say if you understand the small scale then you can understand the large scale |
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FUNCTIONALISTS: Say society is like an organism and everything has a role and they all must work together to be a functional society, if there is a change in one part of society there must be a change in another part
-society is based off a consensus
CONFLICT:
-Society is formed by coercion of the dominant group (oligarchy)
-Dominant group uses power to set society's norms and standards
-Every part of society is arranged to reinforce the dominant groups power
-All of society is infused with the dominant groups ideology
-Society is a conflict over scarce resources |
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| Steps in research process |
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1)Get your topic
2)Define your problem
3)Review the literature
4)Formulate your hypothesis
5)Choose a research method
6)Collecting the data
7)Analyzing the results
8)Sharing the results |
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males and females unequal access to power, property, and prestige
GENDER IS THE PRIMARY STRATIFICATION SYSTEM AROUND THE WORLD |
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| The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life |
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| Not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms |
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| A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records |
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| the violations of norms (or rules or expectations) |
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| expectations of "right" behavior |
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| Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs |
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| Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks (THE SAME SYSTEM PRODUCES THE SAME PEOPLE OVER AND OVER AGAIN) |
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| The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group-the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions thought appropriate for them. HOW PEOPLE LEARN TO BE FUNCTIONAL MEMBERS OF SOCIETY |
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| The group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society, WHERE PEOPLE ARE IN SOCIETY, COMBINATION OF GENDER, RACE, SOCIAL CLASS, AGE, ABILITY, RELIGION, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION. |
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| A groups formal and informal means of enforcing its norms (Folkways, Mores, Taboos, Sanctions) |
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| the framework of society that surrounds us; consists of the ways that people an groups are related to one another; this framework gives directions to and sets limitations on our behavior |
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| Globalization of Capitalism |
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| Capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globes dominant economic system |
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| learning societies "gender map" the paths in life set out for us based on our gender (MALES PLAY WITH CARS AND TRUCKS GIRLS WITH DOLLS) |
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| Cooley's Theory of Personality Development |
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Cooley says we develop a self concept or our understanding of who we are and our place in society by using the LOOKING GLASS SELF:
1)Imagine how we appear to others
2)Interpret others reactions
3)Develop a self concept from that |
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| When a few groups have a monopoly on a certain area (A few grocery stores command the entire grocery store market) |
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| IF WE DEFINE A SITUATION AS REAL IT THEN IS REAL AND SO ARE ITS CONSEQUENCES |
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| A statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to procedures from a theory |
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-DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY (Sutherland): the environment plays a major role in deciding which norms people learn to violate
-ANOME (Durkheim): A condition of instability resulting from a sense of normalness and breakdown of standards from a lack of purpose or ideals (NORMALCY > DEVIANCE)
-CONTROL THEORY (Reckless): People have inner and outer controls and if one is lesser than the other than people are more likely to deviate (Inner = mind, moral code, beliefs, values; Outer = society, laws, mores, norms, folkways)
-LABELING THEORY: Behaviors are deviant only when society labels them as deviant |
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