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Sociology final
Chapter 13
22
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2011

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Term
Racial formation
Definition
a sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed
Term
stereotype
Definition
an unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does no recognize individual differences within the group
Term
prejudice
Definition
a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority
Term
racism
Definition
the belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior
Term
hate crime
Definition
a criminal offense committed because of the offender's bias against an individual based on race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, or sexual orientation.
Term
color-blind racism
Definition
the use of race-neutral principles to perpetuate a racially unequal status quo
Term
discrimination
Definition
the denial of opportunities and equal righs to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons
Term
racial profiling
Definition
any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior
Term
affirmative action
Definition
positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities
Term
exploitation theory
Definition
a belief that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism
Term
contact hypothesis
Definition
the theory that in cooperative circumstances interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce prejudice
Term
genocide
Definition
the deliberate systematic killing of an entire people or nation
Term
expulsion
Definition
the systematic removal of a group of people from society
Term
amalgamation
Definition
the process through which a majority group and minority group combine to form a new group
Term
assimilation
Definition
the process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture
Term
segregation
Definition
the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group
Term
apartheid
Definition
a former policy of he South African government, designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites
Term
pluralism
Definition
a sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed mutual respect for one another's cultures among the various groups in a society, which allows minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice.
Term
Black power
Definition
a political philosophy, promoted by many young Blacks in the 1960's that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions
Term
model or ideal minority
Definition
a subordinate group whose members supposedly have succeeded economically, socially, and educationally despite past prejudice and discrimination.
Term
anti-semitism
Definition
anti-Jewish prejudice
Term
symbolic ethnicity
Definition
an ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage
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