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Sociology Final Exam
Sociology Final Exam terms and topics
22
Sociology
12th Grade
01/19/2012

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Term
Functionalism (Theoretical Perspective)
Definition
emphasizes the contributions (functions) made by each part of society
Term
Latent Function
Definition
UNintended and UNrecognized consequences of an aspect of society
Term
Manifest Function
Definition
Intended and Recognized consequences of an aspect of society
Term
Conflict (Theoretical Perspective)
Definition
emphasizes the role of conflict, competition, and constraint within a society
Term
Symbolic Interactionism (Theoretical Perspective)
Definition
focuses on INTERACTIONS among people based on mutually understood SYMBOLS
Term
Dysfunction
Definition
NEGATIVE consequence of an aspect of society
Term
Dramaturgy
Definition
approach that depicts human interaction as THEATRICAL performances
Term
Group Conformity
Definition
behavior that matches group EXPECTATIONS and social standards
Term
Sapir=Whorf Hypothesis
Definition
(aka: linguistic relatively hypothesis) LANGUAGE = GUIDE TO REALITY; states that our idea of reality depends largely upon language
Term
Folkway
Definition
Norms that LACK moral significance (ex: sleeping on a bed instead of the ground)
Term
Mores
Definition
Norms that HAVE moral dimensions and they should be followed by members of the society (ex: Americans believe able-bodied men should work)
Term
Norms
Definition
rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior
Term
Sanctions
Definition
rewards and punishments used to encourage people to FOLLOW NORMS (Formal & Informal)
Term
Anticipatory Socialization
Definition
VOLUNTARY process of preparing to accept NEW norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
Term
Characteristics of a Group
Definition
collection of individuals who...
1) have FREQUENT contact/interaction
2) mutual INFLUENCE
3) feeling of CAMARADERIE
4) work together to achieve a common set of GOALS
Term
Inter-generational MOBILITY
Definition
movement within or between social classes and occupations from one generation to the next (farmer father & doctor daughter)
Term
Differential Association Theory
Definition
states that individuals LEARN DEVIANCE in PROPORTION to the number of deviant acts to which they are EXPOSED
Term
Recidivism
Definition
repetition of or return to CRIMINAL behavior
Term
Patriarchy/Matriarchy
Definition
OLDEST man/woman in household has AUTHORITY over rest of members
Term
Patrilineal/Matrilineal
Definition
descent and INHERITANCE is passed through male/female line
Term
Patrilocal/Matrilocal
Definition
married couple LIVE with or near the husband's/wife's parents
Term
Concentric Zone Theory
Definition
describes urban growth in terms of circular areas that grow from the central city OUTWARD
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