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| a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but share little else in common. |
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| a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic ( such as education level, age, race, or gender) |
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| a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity |
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a group that strongly influences a person's behavior and social attitudes, regardless of whether that individual is an actual member
- are a source of anticipatory socializaiton |
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| a web of social relationships that links one person with other people and, through them, with other people they know |
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| a collectivity small enough for all members to be acquainted with one another and to interact simultaneously |
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| a group composed of two members ( active participation of both members is crucial to the group's survival) |
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| a group composed of three members ( the group can still function if one person is dropped or is left out) |
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| suggested that small groups have distinctive interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups |
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| goal- or task- oriented leadership |
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| an approach to leadership that provides emotional support for members |
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| people who make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members |
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| leaders who encourage group discussion and decision making through consensus building |
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leaders who are only minimally involved in decision making and who encourage group members to make their own decisions
( literally means to " leave alone" |
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| close group like family- informal leadership |
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| Fredric Jameson ( postmodernism thinker) |
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believes that people experience a waning of emotion in organizations where fragmentation and superficiality are a way of life
said... fast food restaurant employees and customers interact in extremely superficial ways that are largely scripted |
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| customers are mindlessly following what they consider tried- and- true social recipes, either learned or created by them previously, on how to deal with restaurant employees and more generally how to work their way through the system associated with the fast- food restaurant |
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| an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal |
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| actual number of members the group actually has |
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| number of potential members |
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| large group that isn't too close to you and it has a formal leader |
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| the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by society, subculture, or group |
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pressure toward group conformity was so great that participants were willing to contradict their won best judgment if the rest of the group disagreed
experiment- all men seated in chairs 6th man didnt know he was the only actual subject. He used a large card with a vertical line and second card with 3 vertical lines. asked to indicate which of the 3 lines on the sencond card was identical in length to the "standard line"- by 3rd trial man became uncomfy when the others selected the wrong line, but he went with them even though it was wrong
found that about 1/3 chose to conform by giving the same responses |
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Term
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if someone in authority tells you to do something, how willing are you to do it?
experiment- one person teacher one person learner. learner was strapped to electric chair. They would keep turning up the voltage of shock and eventually the person would die bc the teacher told them to |
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| examined group decision making among political experts and found that major blunders in US history can be attributed to pressure toward group conformity- ex. NASA space shuttle went down bc they said it would be ok for that foam to be there |
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| the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise |
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| we want to pursue some common interest or gain personal satisfaction or prestige from being a member |
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associations that people are forced to join
ex. prisons, boot camps |
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| utilitarian orgainzations |
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| join voluntarily when they can provide us with a material reward that we seak |
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| an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters |
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| rationality ( according to Weber) |
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| the process by which traditional methods of social organization, characterized by informality and spontaneity, are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures |
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| an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenons |
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