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| The ability to see the connection between our individual identities and the social contexts (family, friends, institutions) in which we find ourselves. |
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| Marx's theory that the poor and exploited tend to accept their lowly position. |
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| The scientific norm that stipulates scientific knowledge must be based on objective criteria, not political agendas or personal preferences. |
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| An organization or association created and sustained by patterned social relationships established for the promotion of some object, especially on e of public or general utility. |
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| Social position based on ones accomplishments or activities. |
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| What someone perceives as true based on personal or others' experiences. |
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| Anything that carries additional meanings beyond itself to other who share in the culture. They come to mean what they do only in a culture; they would have no meaning to someone outside. |
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| The intended consequence of an action or an event. |
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| Howard Becker's term stresses the relativity of deviance, naming the mechanism by which the same act is considered deviant in some groups but not in others; used to categorize and contain people. |
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| Humans can create, maintain, and change society |
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| Marx's idea stating one day the poor and exploited will realize their position and rise against the Bourgeoisie. |
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| One must exclude their values during research in order to maintain validity. |
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| Collection of individuals who are aware that they share something in common and who interact with one another on the basis of their interrelated roles and statuses. |
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| An ascribed or achieved status presumed so important that it overshadows all of the others, dominating our lives and controlling our position in society. |
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| If norms tell us how to behave, these tell us why. They constitute what a society thinks about itself and so are among the most basic lessons that a culture can transmit to its young. |
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| Rewards for following cultural rules; punishments for breaking them. |
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| The unintended consequences of an action or event. |
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| The process by which we become aware of ourselves as part of a group, learn to communicate with others, and learn how to behave as expected. |
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| Erving Goffman's term for our attempts to control how others perceive us, by changing our behavior to correspond to an ideal of what they will find most appealing. |
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| State of great social change. |
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| Taking a limited group of research subjects whose responses are then statistically developed into a general theme or trend that can be applied to the larger whole. |
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| Social position that is assigned to a person and over which he or she has no control. |
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| Behaviors expected of people who have a particular status. |
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| The rules a culture develops that define how people should act and the consequences of failure to act in the specified ways. |
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| Relationship of religious ideas to economic activity; believing the accumulation of wealth is a sign of God's favor; Max Weber. |
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| Erving Goffman's conception of social life as like a stage play wherein we all work hard to convincingly play ourselves as "characters" such as grandchild, buddy, student, employee, or other roles. |
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| Cooley's term for the process of how identity is formed through social interaction. We imagine how we appear to others an thus develop our sense of self based on the others' reactions, imagined or otherwise. |
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