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| People born at roughly the same time who pass through the life course together |
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| prejudice and discrimination directed against people because of their age; can be directed against any age group |
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| the process of being absorbed into the mainstream culture |
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| A form of social stratification in which people's statuses are lifelong and are determined by birth |
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| Marx's term for awareness of a common identity based on one's position in the means of production |
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| the process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and natural resources |
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| Thorstein Veblen's term for a change from the thrigt, savings, and investments of the Protestant ethic to showing off wealth through spending and the display of possessions |
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| the idea that two control systems- inner and outer-work agaisnt our tendencies to deviate |
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| the view that as capitalist and socialist economic system each adopt features of the other, a hybrid (mixed) economic system will emerge |
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| the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children |
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| forgoing something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future |
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| a term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remkae someone's self by stripping away that individual's self identity and stamping a new identity in its place |
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| the violation of norms (or rules or expectations) |
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| Edwin Sutherland's term to indicate that people who associate with some groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant |
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| a form of democracy in which the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and make their decision |
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| an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group |
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| a policy of eliminating a population; includes forcible expulsion and genocide |
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| having distinctive cultural characteristics |
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| the systematic annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race/ehtnicity |
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| Globalization of Capitalism |
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| capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe's dominant economic system |
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Definition
| a crime that is punished more severely because it is motivated by hatred (dislike, hostility, animosity) of someone's race-ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or national origin |
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Definition
| the belief that due to limitless possibilities anyone can get ahead if he or she tries hard enough |
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Term
| Illegitimate Opportunity Structure |
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Definition
| opportunities for crimes that are woven into the texture of life |
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Definition
| money received, usually from a job, business, or assets |
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| Institutional discrimination |
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Definition
| negative treatment of a minority group that is built into a society's institutions |
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Term
| Intergenerational Mobility |
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| the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next |
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| the policy of exploiting minority groups for economic gain |
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| the view that the labels people are given affect their own and other's perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity |
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| the number of years that an average person at any age, including newborns, can expect to live |
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| the max. length of life of a species/humans |
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Definition
| a form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit |
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| people who are singled out doe unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination |
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| Multinational Corporations |
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| companies that ages ethnic differences; aka pluralism |
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| the ability to carry out one's will, even over the resistance of others |
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| C Wright Mills' term for the top people in US corporations, military, and politics who make the nation's major decisions |
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| an attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way |
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| Weber's term to describe the ideal of a self-denying, highly moral life accompanied by thrift and hard work |
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| a group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups |
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| prejudice and discrimination on the basis of race |
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| an individual or group unfairly blamed for someone else's troubles |
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| the policy of keeping racial-ethnic groups apart |
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| According to Weber, a large group of people who rank close to one another in property, power, and prestige BUT according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means of productions or workers who sell their labor |
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Term
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Definition
| movement up or down the social class ladder |
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Definition
| the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within |
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| ranking high on some dimensions of social class an low on others |
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| assumptions of what people are like, whether true or false |
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| movement up or down the social class ladder that is due more to changes in the structure of society than to the actions of individuals |
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| a group of people for whom poverty persists year after year and across generations |
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| movement up the social class ladder |
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| the total value of everything someone owns, minus debts |
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| Edwin Sutherland's term for crimes committed by people of respectable and high social status in the course of their occupations; eg. Bribery of public officials, securities violation, embezzlement |
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