Term
| How does urbanization affect us? |
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Definition
Alienation and Anomie (normlessness)
Urban overload and noninvolvement (over exposed to stimuli)
Studies nonobservance - polite way of pretending not to notice someone |
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Term
| What types of cities are there? |
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Definition
Small towns
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Megalopolis
Suburb
Edge city |
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Term
| What are some of the processes cities go through |
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Definition
Ecological succession - process in which a new group of people invade territory and then become dominant
Uran renewal - includes efforts to improve urban environment
Blockbusting - illegal practice where bankers use racial fear to drive down real estate value
Redlining - designating geographic areas where loans and construction will be avoided
Gentrification - where affluent residents and businesses move in forcing out low-income residents
Urban decline - succession resulting in increased crime and business exodus |
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Term
| LaFree's structure of deviance |
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Definition
| Rape in the midwest with blacks and whites, blacks are treated more severely when dealing with white victims |
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Term
| Hirschi's structure of deviance |
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Definition
argued people have an inner control system - an individuals capacity to resist temptation including conscience and fear of punishment
discovered less intimacy with parents equals more deviance and more likely to be picked up by police if friend had been previously |
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Term
| Derkheim's structure of deviance |
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Definition
| identifies positive contributions of deviance to society, argued crime is a natural part of society. Argues crime defines a societies darkest fears and highest goals |
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Term
| Merton's structure of deviance |
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Definition
| argues that deviance tends to occur when members of a society reject culturally prescribed goals and dont believe they can achieve them in prescribed ways |
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Term
| Cloward and Ohlin structure of deviance |
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Definition
| lower class youth are more likely to be deviant since they are less likely to achieve success |
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Term
| Crimes against property vs. people |
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Definition
| crimes against property 10x more likely to occur that against people |
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Term
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Definition
Women are more likely to be victimized by someone they know intimately
Men are more likely to be victimized by a stranger |
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Term
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Definition
Crimes against persons -
Crimes against property -
Felonies - more serious crimes punishable by year
Misdemeanors - less serious crimes punishable by less than a year
Street crimes - occur in public
White collar crimes - crimes committed affluent people
status offenses - crimes committed only because of the status of those people |
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Term
| Concepts and assertions of theories of deviance |
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Definition
Biological view - tend to be applied to street crimes and lower class
Psychological view -
Functional view - deviance is required in society it reveals greatest fears and greatest goals
Structural strain view - people believe they can't achieve the goals set by a society
Control view - everyone is tempted by deviance but are less likely to occur when bonds to society are strong |
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Term
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Definition
the person is viewed as somehow socially
unacceptable or disgraced |
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Term
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Definition
| a view of what is morally correct that they recognize is limited to people in that situation and is widely rejected by the larger society |
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Term
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Definition
| the exclusion or banning of a person from normal activities of a group |
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Term
| How people perceive inequality |
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Definition
| Normally measured by income or wealth |
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Term
| Characteristics of the poor |
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Definition
1 of 5 children are poor
women are more likely to be poor than men
blacks and latinos are 3x more likely to be poor
Poverty most common in the central city and rural areas |
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Term
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Definition
caste system - determined solely by birthright
estate system - divided into nobility, church and peasants, more mobility than a caste system
clan system - based on birthright |
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Term
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Definition
| argued that the workers will one day realize that they are being exploited stepping away from their false consciousness and would begin a worker's revolt, which would eventually lead to a classless society (communism) |
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Term
| Eric Wright stratification |
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Definition
| Modified Marx's analysis, adding four classes: capitalists (large business owners), petty bourheoisie (small business owners), managers (sell labor but exercise authority), and workers (sell their labor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Argued that there are three dimensions to stratification: Social class, status, and power |
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Term
| International inequality theories |
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Definition
World system theory - powerful countries use the resources of less powerful countries to favor their own interests
Modernization theory - countries could be improved through way of diffusion of resources |
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Term
| Importance of race in getting ahead |
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Definition
| Most answered not very important or fairly important |
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Term
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Definition
| Face prejudices and racism |
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Term
| Differences between racial and ethnic groups |
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Definition
racial is physical
ethnic is cultural |
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Term
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Definition
| people defined on the bases of their cultural characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
Biological race - people who share physical characteristics that distinguish them from others
Social race - refers to a people who are perceived to belong to a catagory based on physical appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| subordinate group that occupies and inferior position |
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Term
| Video on black and white man |
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Definition
| Black man was given a higher price on the car and apartment |
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Term
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Definition
| an idea used to discriminate towards a member of a different race |
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Term
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Definition
| the intolerance and prejudice a person has |
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Term
| Attitudinal discrimination |
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Definition
| discrimination that stems from prejudicial attitudes |
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Term
| Institutional discrimination |
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Definition
| consists of organizations practices and societal trend that exclude minorities from economic opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| thought of as a social status associated with ones sex |
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Term
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Definition
| noted biological distinction between men and women |
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Term
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Definition
| a persons sexual orientation |
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Term
| Gender statistics about education |
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Definition
| Women are more likely to be illiterate than men, women have lower salaries than men but are more likely to graduate from college |
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Term
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Definition
| good working conditions, high pay, opportunity for advancement and job security |
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Term
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Definition
| high turnover, low job security, few benefits and low wages |
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Term
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Definition
| A large segment of the economy such as the primary (agricultural), secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary (service) |
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Term
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Definition
| all economic transactions involving income that is not reported |
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Term
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Definition
| the replacing of old methods with new ones |
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Term
| Difference between organic and mechanical solidarity |
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Definition
Organic - a condition in which members of a society or social system are mutually dependent on one another (Gesselscaft)
Mechanical - occurs when social bonds among people are based on shared moral sentiments and tradition |
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Term
| Gemeinshaft and Gesselschaft |
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Definition
Gemeinshaft - small close knit communities
Gesselschaft - large impersonal communities |
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Term
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Definition
False dichotomy - only two choices
Hasty generalization - assumptions
Post Hoc - possible coincidence
Slippery slope - series of bad events
False analogy - two things argued to be similar
Affirming the consequent - because one is true so must be the other |
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Term
| Elements of critical thinking |
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Definition
| Focused, open-minded, reflexive, independent thinking, systematic |
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Term
| Demographic transition theory |
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Definition
| The transition to a post industrial economy, can result in downsizing and deindustrialization |
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Term
| Changing role of unions and professions |
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Definition
Unions have continued to decline.
Professions - more people are trying to renegotiate their occupations to achieve a more favorable position |
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Term
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Definition
| statistics about demographics of an area |
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