Term
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Definition
| Family that an individual forms by having or adopting children. |
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Term
| Conflict Theorists view family instability |
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Definition
| Exploitation of lower classes by upper classes. |
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Term
| Interlocking corporate directorates |
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Definition
| Board of directors of one corporation also sit on the boards of other corporations. |
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Term
| The State (aka Government) |
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Definition
| Political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to achieve its goals. |
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Term
| Routinization of Charisma |
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Definition
| Charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed circa 3500–3000 B.C.E., political power became centralized. |
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Term
| Socialization (type of Manifest function) |
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Definition
| manifest function of education is Illustrated by the fact that, at a very young age, children learn the appropriate attitudes and behavior for the student role. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, through implied demands found in rules, routines, and regulations of schools. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term that Max Weber used to describe the extent to which persons within a particular layer of stratification have access to important scarce resources. |
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Term
| Conflict Approach (Class measurement) |
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Definition
| Ownership of the means of production as the distinguishing feature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poor, seldom employed, and caught in long-term deprivation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduction in the proficiency needed to perform a specific job that leads to a corresponding reduction in the wages for that job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relatively low-paying, non-manual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women. |
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Term
| Loss of higher-paying positions... |
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Definition
| Shift from manufacturing to service jobs takes away from wages, security and advancement potential. |
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Term
| Race (Sociologists definition) |
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Definition
| Singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of physical characteristics. |
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Term
| Prejudiced non-discriminator |
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Definition
| Prejudiced (an attitude) but does not discriminate (a behavior). |
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Term
| Pay equity or comparable worth |
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Definition
| Pays male assembly-line workers a higher hourly rate than women employees. |
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Term
| Functionalist perspective |
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Definition
| Women's roles as nurturers and caregivers ensure that important societal tasks will be fulfilled and family members' needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| People in preindustrial societies feel a more or less automatic sense of belonging. Homogeneity, or sameness, of the people within the society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ferdinand Tönnies: Large, urban society, social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. People should be able to take care of themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group's ability to maintain itself in spite of obstacles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year. |
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Term
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Definition
| Members of the middle and upper middle classes, especially whites, move into the central city area and renovate existing properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urban fringes that have arisen beyond central cities and suburbs. |
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Term
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Definition
| restricted access to acceptable means of achieving success. |
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Term
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Definition
| Being labeled as deviant increases the likelihood of engaging in further deviant acts, known as secondary deviance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Crowds develop their own definition of the situation and establish norms for behavior that fit the occasion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Charles Horton Cooley to indicate that the self is a product of social interactions with other people. Sense of self from their perceptions of how others see them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Language shapes the view of reality of its speakers. 20 words to describe snow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual shows an awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention. |
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Term
| "survival of the fittest" |
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Definition
| Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) believed that societies develop through a process of struggle for existence, and fitness for survival. |
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Term
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Definition
| Auguste Comte's belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry. Science to obtain objective, bias-free knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jane Addams was active in poor urban areas as a leader of community centers. |
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Term
| Sociologist Emile Durkheim is noted for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Extent to which a study or research instrument accurately measures what it is intended to measure. |
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