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| individualistic explanation |
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Definition
| tendency to attribute peoples' achievements and failures due to their personal qualities |
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| ability to see the impact of social forces on private lives |
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| Systematic study of human societies |
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| social position acquired through our own efforts or accomplishments or taken on voluntarily |
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| social position acquired at birth or taken on invonlunatrily in life |
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| subgroup of a triad, formed when two members conspire against the third |
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| language, values, believes, rules, behaviors and artifacts that characterize a society |
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| theoretical perspective that focuses on gender as the most important source of conflict and inequality in social life |
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| process through which people's lives all around the world become economically, politically, environmentally, and culturally interconnected |
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| set of people who interact more ore less regularly and who are conscious of their identity as a unit |
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| unintended, unrecognized consequences of activities that help some part of the social systm |
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| way of examining human life that focuses on the broad social forces and structual features of society that exist above the level of individual people |
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| intended, obvious consequences of activities designed to help some part of the social system |
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| way of examining human life that focuses on the immediate everday experiences of individuals |
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| culturally defined standard or rule of conduct |
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| Large, complex network of positions created for a specific purpose and characterized by a hierarchical division of labor |
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| collection of individuals who are together over a relatively long period, whose members have direct contact and feel emotionally attached to another |
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Definition
| set of expectations--rights, obligations, behaviors, duties--associated with a particular status |
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| frustration people feel when the demands of one role they are expected to fufill clash with the demands of another |
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| relatively impersonal collection of individuals that is established to perform a specific task |
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| stable set of roles, statuses, groups, and organizations--such as the institution of education, family, politics, reigious, health care, and the economy that provide a foundation for behavior in some major areas of social live |
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| population of people living in the same geographic area who share a culture and common identity and whose members fall under the same political authority |
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| any named social position that people can occupy |
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Term
| structural-functionalist perspective |
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Definition
| social institutions are structured to maintain stability and order in society |
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| explains society and social structure through an examination of the micro-level personal, day to day exchanges of people as individuals, pairs, and groups |
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Definition
| standard of judgement by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes |
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Term
| analysis of existing data |
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Definition
| type of unobtrusive research that relies on data gathered earlier by someone else for some other purpose |
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Definition
| form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of recorded messages such as books, pseeches, peoms, etc |
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| research that operates from the ideological position that questions about human behavior can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world |
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| unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong no matter what hppens to dispute it |
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| measurable event, characterisitc, or behavior commonly thought to reflect a particular concept |
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| problem when intrusion of reseracher will affect phenomenom of studied |
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| typical of whole population being studied |
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Term
| social construction of reality |
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Definition
| process through which the members of a society discover, make known, reaffirm, and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge, and truth |
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Definition
| a false association between two variables that is actually due to the effect of some third variable |
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Definition
| the principle that people's beliefs and activites should be interpreted in terms of their own cultures |
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| tendency to judge other cultures using one's own as a standard |
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| informal norm that is midly punished when violated |
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| pattern of behavior within exisiting social institutions that is widely accepted in society |
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| individuals in whom sexual differentiation is either incomplete or ambiguous |
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| highly codified, formal, systemized norm that brings severe punishment when violated |
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| social response that punishes or otherwise disourages violations of a social norm |
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