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| Any behavior or physical appearance that os socially challenged or condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of a group |
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| Behavior and appearances that follow and maintain the standards of a group. Also, the acceptance of culturally valued goals and the pursuit of those goals through means defined as legitimate |
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| Methods used to teach, persuade, or force a group's members, and even nonmembers, to comply with and not deviate from its norms and expectations |
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| Customary ways of handling the routine matters of every day life |
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| Norms that people define as essential to the well-being of their group or nation. People who violate mores are usually punished severely |
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| Reactions of approval or disapproval to others' behavior or appearance |
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| An expression of approval and a reward for compliance |
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| An expression of disapproval for noncompliance |
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| Spontaneous, unofficial expressions of approval or disapproval that are not backed by the force of law |
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| Expressions of approval or disapproval backed by laws, rules, or policies that specify (usually in writing) the conditions under which people should be rewarded or punished and the procedures for allocating rewards and administering punishments |
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| A method of preventing information from reaching an audience |
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| People whose job is to sift information conveyed through movies, books, letters, TV, the Internet, and other media and to remove or block any material that those in power consider unsuitable or threatening |
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| A mechanism of social control that involves monitoring the movements, activities, conversations, and the associations of people who are believed likely to engage in wrongdoing; catching those who do engage in it; preventing people from engaging in it; and ensuring that the public is protected from wrongdoers |
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| People who have not violated the rules of a group and are treated accordingly |
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| People who have broken the rules of a group and are caught, punished, and labeled as outsiders |
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| An identification marking a rule breaker first and foremost as a deviant |
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| People who have broken the rules of a group but whose violation goes unnoticed or, if it is noticed, prompts no one to enforce the law |
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| People who have not broken the rules of a group but are treated as if they have |
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| A campaign to identify, investigate, and correct behavior that is believed to be undermining a group or country. Usually this behavior is not the real cause of a problem but is used to distract people's attention from the real cause or to make the problem seem manageable |
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| "Crimes committed by persons of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupations" (Sutherland and Cressey 1978, p. 44) |
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| Crime committed by a corporation as it competes with other companies for market share and profit |
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| A sociological approach that focuses on the way specific groups, activities, or artifacts become defined as problems |
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| People who articulate and promote claims and who tend to gain in some way if the targeted audience accepts their claims as true |
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| Actions taken to draw attention to a claim, such as "demanding services, filling out forms, lodging complaints, filing lawsuits, calling press conferences, writing letters of protest, passing resolutions, publishing exposes, placing ads in newspapers,...setting up picket lines or boycotts" |
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| Any situation in which (1) the goals defined as valuable legitimate for a society have unclear limits, (2) people are unsure whether the legitimate means that the society provides will allow them to achieve the goals, and (3) legitimate opportunities for reaching the goals remain closed to a significant portion of the population |
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| The acceptance of the cultural goals and the pursuit of those goals through legitimate means |
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| The acceptance of cultural goals but the rejection of the legitimate means to achieve them |
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| The rejection of cultural goals but a rigid adherence to the legitimate means of achieving them |
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| The rejection of both cultural goals and the means of achieving them |
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| The full or partial rejection of both cultural goals and the means of achieving them and the introduction of a new set of goals and means |
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| A theory of socialization that explains how deviant behavior, especially delinquent behavior, is learned. It states that "when persons become criminal, they do so because of contacts with criminal patterns and also because of isolation from anticriminal patterns" |
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Definition
| Groups that are part of the larger society but whose members adhere to norms and values that favor violation of the larger society's laws |
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