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Sociology chapter 4 niacc
Sociology chapter 4 niacc
42
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
02/26/2012

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Term
status set
Definition
all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies
Term
status symbols
Definition
 items used to identify a status
Term
stereotypes
Definition
assumptions of what people are like
Term
teamwork
Definition
the collaboration of two or more people to manage impressions jointly
Term
Thomas theorem
Definition
William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas's classic formulation of the definition of the situation; "If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.'
Term
achieved statuses
Definition
positions that are earned or accomplished, or that involve at least some effort or activity on the individual's part
Term
agricultural society
Definition
a society able to accumulate a huge food surplus after the invention of the plow
Term
ascribed statuses
Definition
positions an individual either inherits at birth or recevies involuntarily later in life
Term
background assumptions
Definition
deep;y embedded common understandings, or basic rules, concerning our view of the world and how people ought to act
Term
biotech society
Definition
where the economy centers on app;uing and altering genetic structures to produce food, medicine, and materials
Term
body language
Definition
the way people use their bodies to give messages to others
Term
divistion of labor
Definition
the splitting of a group's of a society's tasks into specialties
Term
dramaturgy
Definition
an approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama of the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis
Term
ethnomethodolgy
Definition
the study of how people use backgroud assumptions to make sense of life
Term
face-saving behavior
Definition
techniques people use to salvage a performance that is going sour
Term
Gesellshaft
Definition
a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest
Term

Gemeinshaft


Definition
a type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sence of togetherness
Term
group
Definition
people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is important; also called a social group
Term
horticultural society
Definition
a scociety based on cultivating plants by use of tools
Term
hunting and gathering society
Definition
a human group dependent on hunting and gathering for survival
Term
impression management
Definition
people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
the third social revoultion. occuring when machines powered by fuels replaced most animal and human power
Term
industrial society
Definition
an efficient society with greater surplus and inequality
Term
macrosociology
Definition
analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of social structure, such as social class and the relationships between groups; an approach usually used by functionalists and conflict theorists
Term
mechanical solidarity
Definition
Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
Term
microsociology
Definition
analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; an approach usually used by symbolic interactionists
Term
organic solidarity
Definition
solidarity based on the interdependence that results from the division of labor; people needing others to fulfill their jobs
Term
pastoral society
Definition
a society based on the pasturing of animals
Term
postindustrial society
Definition
 a new type of society based on information, services, and the latest technology rather that on raw materials and manufacturing
Term
role 
Definition
the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status
Term
role conflict
Definition
conflicts that someone feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible with the expectations of another role
Term
role performance
Definition
the particular emphasis or interpertation that we give a role
Term
role strain
Definition
conflicts that someone feels within a role
Term
social class
Definition
according to Weber, a large number of people who rank close to one another in wealth, power, and prestige; according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means of production or workers who sell their labor
Term
social construction of reality
Definition
the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real
Term
socital institution
Definition
the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs
Term
social integration
Definition
the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds
Term
social interaction
Definition
what people do when they are in one another's presence
Term
social structure
Definition
the framework that surrounds us, consisting of the relationship of people groups to one another, which give direction to and set limits on behavior
Term
society
Definition
people who share a culture and a territory
Term
status
Definition
social ranking; the position that someone accupies in society or a social group
Term
status inconsistency
Definition
a contradiction or mismatch between statuses; a condition in which a person ranks high on some dimensions of social class and low on others
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