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| culture supplies norms and values that structure our behav |
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| consists of forces an processes that encourage confomity |
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| internalized self control, informal control, formal control |
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| internalized self-control |
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| we police oureselves, conscience; ppl internalize norms of groups as thier beliefs and identity |
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| our freinds and inmates rewars us for conformity and punish us for inconformity; self resistant exercised b/c of fear of what ppl will think |
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| state/authorities discourafe nonconformity; administrative sanctions- fines, expulsions, imprisonment |
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| underage drinking example of a law not followed |
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| norm violations that excced the tolerance level of the community and result in negative sanctions; ppl disagree so much about the actions ppl think something must be done about it |
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| regarding deviance audience is more important |
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| regarding devieance its not all about the act rather the... |
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| situation in which the norms of society are unclear or no langer applicable to current conditions |
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| deviance occurs when culturally approved goals cannot be reached by culturally approved means |
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| merton believed they think only through crime they can achieve shared cultural goal of economic success |
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| lower-class turn to crime not b/c they reject american values but b/c they accept them |
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| extent which individuals in neighborhood share the expectation that neighbors will intervene to stop social disorder and devience and will work together to maintain social order |
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| differential association theory |
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| ppl learn to be deviant when more of their associates favor deviance that favor conformity |
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| deviance results when social sanctions provide insufficient rewards for conformity |
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| processes by which labels such as deviant come to be attached to specific ppl and specific behav. |
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| ppl who attempt to create and enforce new deffintions of morality |
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| process through which something becomes defined as a medical problem |
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| behav that is subject to legal or civil penalties |
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| murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, assualt, property crimes, |
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| 50% of all murder victims are black and.. |
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| 3/4 of murder victims are male and... |
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| % of all reported crimes, some go unreported |
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| taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, confrontation b/t victim and robber |
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| unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting severe bodily injury, most involve weapons |
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| more common then crimes of violence |
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| drug use, prostitution, gambling, and pornography are voluntary exchanges b/t ppl who desire illegal goods or services from each other |
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| crimes committed by repectable ppl high status in course of their occupation |
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| reason why white collar crime similar to those of street crime |
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| ppl want more than they can legitimately get and think the bennefits of crime outrun the potential costs |
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| rates show black and mexicans |
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| 3x more likely to be arrested than whites |
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| victimization of females by males |
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| explains a big proportion of crime among females |
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| media overestimates dangers of crime |
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| misidentify, misdirect, repeat |
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| responsible for dealing with crime rests on |
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| drinking deviant for kids, not adults |
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| can nudge a society toward needed, incremental social changes |
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| it is dysfunctional(disruptive) to society |
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| small society rules are well known, grows biger- more diverse, rapid social change, norms of society become unclear/ dont apply |
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| durkheim- devience is a property of social structures not the individual |
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| deviance is social problem not personal trouble |
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| lies not in reforming the individual deviant but in changing the dysfunctional aspects of society |
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| merton- 4 ways ppl adapt to anomie w/o becoming criminals: |
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| innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion |
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| ppl who accept society's goals but reject accepted institutional means, instead using illegitimate means to achieve thier goals |
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| ppl who continue to use culturally approved means for achieving socially desired goals even though they have rejected- or given up on- those goals |
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| ppl who have given up on both society's goals and its accepted means (societies dropouts) |
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| abandon society's goals and means, but rebels additionally adopt alternative values (create and alternative society) |
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| class conflict affect deviance in 2 ways |
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| 1. class interests determine how the criminal justice system defines and responds to crime 2. economic pressures can lead to crime, particularly property crime, among the poor |
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| most popular in southern states |
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| crime rates peak for men and women |
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| during ages of 15-24, men3-4x more likely to be arrested |
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| blacks are 12% of population |
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| they make up 34% arrested for rape, 34% arrested for assult, 50% arrested for murder |
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| mexicans 12.5 % of population |
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| 28% imprisoned for violent crimes |
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| serve at least 25 yrs in prison w/out probation |
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| greater attention to more serious crimes |
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| in 2007, 3.6 full-time police officers |
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| those who are prosecuted for felonies |
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| in u.s. federal and state prisons, higher number than anywhere worldwide |
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| young men, undereducated, poor and black |
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| 7.3% of all black males aged 25-29 in prison |
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| 2.6% of mexicans and 1.1% of whites vs. |
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| change the way we deal w/ criminals |
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| new intensive supervision probation programs to safely release convicts from prison earlier |
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| include: curfew, drug testing, community service, unannounced home visits |
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| certainty of getting caught |
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| deters crime more effectivly than long sentences |
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